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In chemistry, an acyl group is a moiety derived by the removal of one or more hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid, [1] including inorganic acids. It contains a double-bonded oxygen atom and an organyl group ( R−C=O ) or hydrogen in the case of formyl group ( H−C=O ).
Acyl-CoA is a group of CoA-based coenzymes that metabolize carboxylic acids. Fatty acyl-CoA 's are susceptible to beta oxidation , forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA . The acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle , eventually forming several equivalents of ATP .
Fatty-acyl-CoA synthase, or more commonly known as yeast fatty acid synthase (and not to be confused with long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase), is an enzyme complex responsible for fatty acid biosynthesis, and is of Type I Fatty Acid Synthesis (FAS). Yeast fatty acid synthase plays a pivotal role in fatty acid synthesis.
N-acyl amides are a general class of endogenous fatty acid compounds characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine metabolite by an amide bond. Broadly speaking, N-acyl amides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., N-arachidonoyl-glycine), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., N-arachidonoyl-serotonin), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., anandamide), and taurine ...
Acyl-CoA is transferred to the hydroxyl group of carnitine by carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, located on the cytosolic faces of the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes. Acyl-carnitine is shuttled inside by a carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase, as a carnitine is shuttled outside.
The growing fatty acid chain is carried between these active sites while attached covalently to the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of an acyl carrier protein (ACP), and is released by the action of a thioesterase (TE) upon reaching a carbon chain length of 16 (palmitic acid). [1]
Fatty acyl-CoA esters are fatty acid derivatives formed of one fatty acid, a 3'-phospho-AMP linked to phosphorylated pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5) and cysteamine. Long-chain acyl-CoA esters are substrates for a number of important enzymatic reactions and play a central role in the regulation of metabolism as allosteric regulators of several ...
General chemical structure of 1-lyso-phosphatidylcholines, where R is a variable fatty acyl group. 1-Lysophosphatidylcholines (or 1-lysoPC) are a class of phospholipids that are intermediates in the metabolism of lipids. They result from the hydrolysis of an acyl group from the sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine.