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For thousands of years ship designers and builders of sailing vessels used rules of thumb based on the midship-section area to size the sails for a given vessel. The hull form and sail plan for the clipper ships, for example, evolved from experience, not from theory. It was not until the advent of steam power and the construction of large iron ...
Schematic of quantities for capstan equation An example of holding capstans and a powered capstan used to raise sails on a tall ship. The capstan equation [ 1 ] or belt friction equation , also known as Euler–Eytelwein formula [ 2 ] (after Leonhard Euler and Johann Albert Eytelwein ), [ 3 ] relates the hold-force to the load-force if a ...
Coefficients [5] help compare hull forms as well: Block coefficient (C b) is the volume (V) divided by the L WL × B WL × T WL. If you draw a box around the submerged part of the ship, it is the ratio of the box volume occupied by the ship. It gives a sense of how much of the block defined by the L WL, beam (B) & draft (T) is filled by the hull.
The angle of list is the degree to which a vessel heels (leans or tilts) to either port or starboard at equilibrium—with no external forces acting upon it. [1] If a listing ship goes beyond the point where a righting moment will keep it afloat, it will capsize and potentially sink.
Ship stability is an area of naval architecture and ship design that deals with how a ship behaves at sea, both in still water and in waves, whether intact or damaged. Stability calculations focus on centers of gravity , centers of buoyancy , the metacenters of vessels, and on how these interact.
The capsize screening formula (CSF) is a controversial method of establishing the ability of boats to resist capsizing. It is defined for sailboats as: Beam / ((Displacement/64.2) 1/3), with Displacement measured in pounds, and Beam in feet. A lower figure supposedly indicates greater stability, however the calculation does not consider factors ...
In reality, for a constant true wind, apparent wind would vary with point of sail. Constant V A in these examples means that either V T or V B varies with point of sail; this allows the same polar diagram to be used for comparison with the same conversion of coefficients into units of force (in this case Newtons).
In that period, sail plans might start from smallest to largest boat or ship in a hierarchy of sailing rigs: [10] [2] Yachts. Catboat with a single sail; Sloop with mainsail and jib; Yawl with a small mast behind the steering post; Ketch with a mizzenmast ahead of the steering post; Working boats and coastal freighters. Cutter with a single ...