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The association of amylase with some drugs has also been reported. [2] The macroamylase molecules are unable to pass through the kidneys and are therefore retained in the blood, leading to elevated levels of amylase in the bloodstream. In contrast, amylase urine levels are normal. [3]
Other causes include high levels of blood fats, high blood calcium, some medications, and certain genetic disorders, such as cystic fibrosis, among others. [1] Smoking increases the risk of both acute and chronic pancreatitis. [3] [4] Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is based on a threefold increase in the blood of either amylase or lipase. [1]
If the lipase level is about 2.5 to 3 times that of amylase, it is an indication of pancreatitis due to alcohol. [14] Serum lipase is more sensitive and specific than serum amylase in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, and is the preferred test in the diagnosis. [15] [16]
The salivary amylase gene has undergone duplication during evolution, and DNA hybridization studies indicate many individuals have multiple tandem repeats of the gene. The number of gene copies correlates with the levels of salivary amylase, as measured by protein blot assays using antibodies to human amylase.
Type 3c diabetes (pancreatogenic diabetes): [3] Chronic pancreatitis can affect the ability of the pancreatic islets to produce insulin to regulate glucose levels, leading to diabetes type 3c. Symptoms of diabetes type 3c are due to elevated sugar and may include increased hunger and thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, fatigue, and blurry ...
Pancreatic lipase, also known as pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase or steapsin, is an enzyme secreted from the pancreas.As the primary lipase enzyme that hydrolyzes (breaks down) dietary fat molecules in the human digestive system, it is one of the main digestive enzymes, converting triglyceride substrates like 1 found in ingested oils to monoglycerides 3 and free fatty acids 2a and 2b.
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A higher than normal concentration may reflect any of several medical conditions, including acute inflammation of the pancreas (which may be measured concurrently with the more specific lipase), [12] perforated peptic ulcer, torsion of an ovarian cyst, strangulation, ileus, mesenteric ischemia, macroamylasemia and mumps.