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Pyroclastic flows sweep down the flanks of Mayon Volcano, Philippines, in 2018. A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current or a pyroclastic cloud) [1] is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speeds of 100 km/h (30 m/s; 60 mph) but is capable of reaching speeds up to ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 11 December 2024. Visible mass of liquid droplets or frozen crystals suspended in the atmosphere For other uses, see Cloud (disambiguation). Cloudscape over Borneo, taken by the International Space Station Part of a series on Weather Temperate and polar seasons Winter Spring Summer Autumn Tropical ...
Clouds of the genus nimbostratus tend to bring constant precipitation and low visibility. This cloud type normally forms above 2 kilometres (6,600 ft) [10] from altostratus cloud but tends to thicken into the lower levels during the occurrence of precipitation. The top of a nimbostratus deck is usually in the middle level of the troposphere.
Also actiniform. Describing a collection of low-lying, radially structured clouds with distinct shapes (resembling leaves or wheels in satellite imagery), and typically organized in extensive mesoscale fields over marine environments. They are closely related to and sometimes considered a variant of stratocumulus clouds. actinometer A scientific instrument used to measure the heating power of ...
the cloud IR emissivity, with values between 0 and 1, with a global average around 0.7; the effective cloud amount, the cloud amount weighted by the cloud IR emissivity, with a global average of 0.5; the cloud (visible) optical depth varies within a range of 4 and 10. the cloud water path for the liquid and solid (ice) phases of the cloud particles
Attached to many wall clouds, especially in moist environments, is a cauda [1] (tail cloud), a tail-like band of cloud extending from the wall cloud toward the precipitation core. [6] It can be thought of as an extension of the wall cloud in that the tail cloud is connected to the wall cloud and condensation forms for a similar reason.
Other names for this phenomenon are tropical plume, tropical connection, moisture plume, water vapor surge, and cloud band. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Composite satellite photos of an atmospheric river connecting Asia to North America in October 2017
The ITCZ's band of clouds over the Eastern Pacific and the Americas as seen from space. The atmospheric circulation pattern that George Hadley described was an attempt to explain the trade winds. The Hadley cell is a closed circulation loop which begins at the equator. There, moist air is warmed by the Earth's surface, decreases in density and ...