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In United States criminal law, the border search exception is a doctrine that allows searches and seizures at international borders and their functional equivalent without a warrant or probable cause. [1] Generally speaking, searches within 100 miles (160 km) of the border are more permissible without a warrant than those conducted elsewhere in ...
The Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act of 1994 (INTCA or H.R. 783), Pub. L. 103–416, 108 Stat. 4305, enacted October 25, 1994, was an act by the United States Congress "to amend title III of the Immigration and Nationality Act to make changes in the laws relating to nationality and naturalization."
United States v. Ramsey , 431 U.S. 606 (1977), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held the search of letters or envelopes from foreign countries falls under the border exception to the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution , which prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures .
The "balancing test drawn from Keith" is a reference to United States v. U.S. District Court, in which the Supreme Court of the United States established a legal test to determine whether the primary use of the warrantless search was to collect foreign intelligence, as per presidential authority, or whether that primary use is to gather ...
Almeida-Sanchez v. United States, 413 U.S. 266 (1973), was a United States Supreme Court case holding that the search of an automobile by the United States Border Patrol without a warrant or probable cause violates the Fourth Amendment. [1] The vehicle was stopped and searched for illegal aliens twenty-five miles (40 km) from the Mexican border ...
A myriad of agencies guard U.S. land borders, including the United States Border Patrol, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), the DHS, and the National Guard. [14] The DHS has completed nearly 700 miles of fencing along the borders, [15] and, as of 2011, 20,700 border patrol agents were employed to guard the border.
United States v. Arnold, 533 F.3d 1003 (9th Cir. 2008), is a United States court case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution does not require government agents to have reasonable suspicion before searching laptops or other digital devices at the border, including international airports.
Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10 (1948), was a significant United States Supreme Court decision addressing search warrants and the Fourth Amendment.In this case, where federal agents had probable cause to search a hotel room but did not obtain a warrant, the Court declared the search was "unreasonable."