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Various Islamic scholars contributed to the development of geography and cartography, with the most notable including Al-Khwārizmī, Abū Zayd al-Balkhī (founder of the "Balkhi school"), Al-Masudi, Abu Rayhan Biruni and Muhammad al-Idrisi. Islamic geography was patronized by the Abbasid caliphs of Baghdad.
Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world; A. Arabic mile; D. Dragon's Tail (peninsula) I. Island of the Jewel; T. Book of Curiosities
Pages in category "Arab cartographers" ... Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world; M. Ahmad ibn Majid This page was ...
Most of the Arab world falls in the driest region of the world. Almost 80% of it is covered in desert (10,666,637 of 13,333,296 km2), stretching from Mauritania and Morocco to Oman and the UAE. [ citation needed ] The second most common terrain is the semi-arid terrain , which found in all Arab countries except Lebanon and Comoros.
Map of Arabia from the Kitab al-Masalik wa'l-Mamalik by al-Istakhri (copy dated to c. 1306 CE). The Book of Roads and Kingdoms (Arabic: كتاب المسالك والممالك, Kitāb al-Masālik waʿl-Mamālik [1]) is a group of Islamic manuscripts composed from the Middle Ages to the early modern period. [2]
Al-Idrisi also derived map-making methods from the Balkhi school of Geography, a school which was founded during the 10th century in Baghdad under the Abbasid Caliphate. [7] It was from this school that he drew the scientifically rigorous and anthropologically detailed information that he incorporated into the atlas' creation.
The Island of the Jewel (Arabic: جزيرة الجوهرة Jazīrat al-Jawhar) [n 1] or Island of Sapphires (Arabic: جزيرة الياقوت Jazīrat al-Yāqūt) was a semi-legendary island in medieval Arabic cartography, said to lie in the Sea of Darkness (Bahr az-Zulamat) near the equator, forming the eastern limit of the inhabited world.
Kitāb al-Rawḍ al-miʿṭār fi khabar al-aqṭār (The Book of the Fragrant Garden) is a fourteenth-century Arabic geography by al-Ḥimyarī that is a primary source for the history of Muslim Iberia in the Middle Ages, though it is based in part on the earlier account by Muhammad al-Idrisi.