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Warfarin [15] Papaya extract Carica papaya: Warfarin Damage to GI tract mucous membranes [3] Kava: kava-kava Piper methysticum: Sedatives, sleeping pills, antipsychotics, alcohol [15] Milkvetch: Astragalus: Astragalus may interact with medications that suppress the immune system, such as cyclophosphamide. [24] It may also affect blood sugar ...
Type A: augmented pharmacological effects, which are dose-dependent and predictable [5]; Type A reactions, which constitute approximately 80% of adverse drug reactions, are usually a consequence of the drug's primary pharmacological effect (e.g., bleeding when using the anticoagulant warfarin) or a low therapeutic index of the drug (e.g., nausea from digoxin), and they are therefore predictable.
The major side effect of warfarin use is bleeding. Risk of bleeding is increased if the INR is out of range (due to accidental or deliberate overdose or due to interactions). [45] Many drug interactions can increase the effect of warfarin, also causing an overdose. [27]
Warfarin necrosis is a rare but severe complication of treatment with warfarin or related anticoagulants. [2] The typical patient appears to be an obese, middle aged woman (median age 54 years, male to female ratio 1:3). [1] [3]: 122–3 This drug eruption usually occurs between the third and tenth days of therapy with warfarin derivatives. [1]
For example, warfarin, a commonly-used anticoagulant drug in atrial fibrillation, is metabolised by an enzyme called CYP2C9. Phenytoin, a CYP2C9 inducer, would increase its activity and the rate of warfarin breakdown, thereby reducing its efficacy. [25] Patients should avoid the co-administration of warfarin and phenytoin.
Well, there’s no magic time, but you should take metformin at the same time each day and with food to avoid gastrointestinal side effects. If you’re taking extended-release metformin tablets ...
In this case, both the therapeutic and toxic targets are the same. To avoid toxicity during treatment, many times the drug needs to be changed to target a different aspect of the illness or symptoms. Statins are an example of a drug class that can have toxic effects at the therapeutic target (HMG CoA reductase). [1]
The therapeutic window (or pharmaceutical window) of a drug is the range of drug dosages which can treat disease effectively without having toxic effects. [18] Medication with a small therapeutic window must be administered with care and control, frequently measuring blood concentration of the drug, to avoid harm.