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Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is a buffer solution (pH ~ 7.4) commonly used in biological research.It is a water-based salt solution containing disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride and, in some formulations, potassium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
A chloride ion is a structural component of some proteins; for example, it is present in the amylase enzyme. For these roles, chloride is one of the essential dietary minerals (listed by its element name chlorine). Serum chloride levels are mainly regulated by the kidneys through a variety of transporters that are present along the nephron. [19]
X-ray spectrometer developed by W. H. Bragg. In 1913 the structure of sodium chloride was determined by William Henry Bragg and his son William Lawrence Bragg. [2] [3] [4] This revealed that there were six equidistant nearest-neighbours for each atom, demonstrating that the constituents were not arranged in molecules or finite aggregates, but instead as a network with long-range crystalline ...
Substance Formula 0 °C 10 °C 20 °C 30 °C 40 °C 50 °C 60 °C 70 °C 80 °C 90 °C 100 °C Barium acetate: Ba(C 2 H 3 O 2) 2: 58.8: 62: 72: 75: 78.5: 77: 75
In colloidal and surface chemistry, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) is defined as the concentration of surfactants above which micelles form and all additional surfactants added to the system will form micelles.
Sodium perborate hydrolyzes (i.e. breaks down in contact with water), producing hydrogen peroxide and borate: [3] (HO) 2 B] 2 (OO) 2) 2− + 2 H 2 O ⇌ 2 [(HO) 2 B(OH)(OOH)] − The resulting hydroperoxide then enter in equilibrium with boric acid B(OH) 3, hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2, the hydroperoxyl anion − OOH, and the tetrahydroxyborate anion [B(OH) 4] −: [2]
Examples of non-symmetrical pseudohalogen compounds (pseudohalogen halides Ps−X, where Ps is a pseudohalogen and X is a halogen, or interpseudohalogens Ps 1 −Ps 2, where Ps 1 and Ps 2 are two different pseudohalogens), analogous to the binary interhalogen compounds, are cyanogen halides like cyanogen chloride (Cl−CN), cyanogen bromide (Br ...
The spindle pole body (SPB) is the microtubule organizing center in yeast cells, functionally equivalent to the centrosome. Unlike the centrosome the SPB does not contain centrioles. The SPB organises the microtubule cytoskeleton which plays many roles in the cell. It is important for organising the spindle and thus in cell division.