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Hyperchloremia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an elevated level of chloride ions in the blood. [1] The normal serum range for chloride is 96 to 106 mEq/L, [2] therefore chloride levels at or above 110 mEq/L usually indicate kidney dysfunction as it is a regulator of chloride concentration. [3]
A diagnostic test may use a chloridometer to determine the serum chloride level. The North American Dietary Reference Intake recommends a daily intake of between 2300 and 3600 mg/day for 25-year-old males. Reference ranges for blood tests, showing blood content of chloride at far right in the spectrum.
At the test site, an electrode is placed over gauze containing pilocarpine and electrolyte solution that will not interfere with the sodium and chloride measurement. A second electrode (without pilocarpine) will be placed at another site and a mild electric current will draw the pilocarpine into the skin where it stimulates the sweat glands.
A chloride ion is a structural component of some proteins; for example, it is present in the amylase enzyme. For these roles, chloride is one of the essential dietary mineral (listed by its element name chlorine). Serum chloride levels are mainly regulated by the kidneys through a variety of transporters that are present along the nephron. [19]
Chloride is part of gastric acid (HCl), which plays a role in absorption of electrolytes, activating enzymes, and killing bacteria. The levels of chloride in the blood can help determine if there are underlying metabolic disorders. [20] Generally, chloride has an inverse relationship with bicarbonate, an electrolyte that indicates acid-base ...
Sole has a high risk of contaminants, and it is low in many heart-healthy nutrients like omega-3s, potassium and magnesium, cautioned Routhenstein. Sole is low in omega-3s, potassium and other ...
By definition, only the cations sodium (Na +) and potassium (K +) and the anions chloride (Cl −) and bicarbonate (HCO − 3 ) are used to calculate the anion gap. (As discussed above, potassium may or may not be used, depending on the specific lab.) [ citation needed ]
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