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Blood serum and blood plasma are similar, but serum does not contain any clotting factors such as fibrinogen, prothrombin, thromboplastin and many others. Serum includes all proteins not used in coagulation (clotting) and all the electrolytes, antibodies, antigens, hormones and any exogenous substances, such as drugs and microorganisms.
Serum sample preparation requires about 30 minutes of waiting time before it can be centrifuged and then analyzed. [23] However, coagulation can be hastened down to a few minutes by adding thrombin or similar agents to the serum sample. [25] Compared to serum, 15–20% larger volume of plasma can be obtained from a blood sample of certain size.
Contrary to popular belief, haemoglobin is not a blood protein, as it is carried within red blood cells, rather than in the blood serum. Serum albumin accounts for 55% of blood proteins, [1] is a major contributor to maintaining the oncotic pressure of plasma and assists, as a carrier, in the transport of lipids and steroid hormones.
Serum (blood) - Wikipedia
Fibrinogen from plasma samples will be seen in the beta gamma region. Fibrinogen, a beta-2 protein, is found in normal plasma but absent in normal serum. Occasionally, blood drawn from heparinized patients does not fully clot, resulting in a visible fibrinogen band between the beta and gamma globulins. [citation needed]
Fibrinogen is made and secreted into the blood primarily by liver hepatocyte cells. Endothelium cells are also reported to make small amounts of fibrinogen, but this fibrinogen has not been fully characterized; blood platelets and their precursors, bone marrow megakaryocytes, while once thought to make fibrinogen, are now known to take up and store but not make the glycoprotein.
The human plasma proteome may contain thousands of proteins, however, identifying them presents challenges due to the wide range of concentrations present. Some low abundance proteins may be present in picogram (pg/mL) quantities, while high abundance proteins can be present in milligram (mg/mL) quantities.
Hereditary abnormalities of fibrinogen (the gene is carried on chromosome 4) are both quantitative and qualitative in nature and include afibrinogenaemia, hypofibrinogenaemia, dysfibrinogenaemia, and hypodysfibrinogenemia. Reduced, absent, or dysfunctional fibrin is likely to render patients as hemophiliacs.
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