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Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g., kaolin, Al 2 Si 2 O 5 4) and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite. [1]
Oil shale geology is a branch of geologic sciences which studies the formation and composition of oil shales–fine-grained sedimentary rocks containing significant amounts of kerogen, and belonging to the group of sapropel fuels. [1] Oil shale formation takes place in a number of depositional settings and has considerable compositional variation.
Cannel coal from the Pennsylvanian of NE Ohio. Cannel coal or candle coal is a type of bituminous coal, [1] also classified as terrestrial type oil shale. [2] [3] [4] Due to its physical morphology and low mineral content cannel coal is considered to be coal but by its texture and composition of the organic matter it is considered to be oil shale. [5]
Two recognized types of intraformational conglomerates are shale-pebble and flat-pebble conglomerates. [6] A shale-pebble conglomerate is a conglomerate that is composed largely of clasts of rounded mud chips and pebbles held together by clay minerals and created by erosion within environments such as within a river channel or along a lake ...
The effect of bioturbation has been documented well in shale cores sampled: past variable critical depths where burrowing organisms can no longer survive, shale fissility will become more pervasive and better defined. Fissility is used by some geologists as the defining characteristic which separates mudstone (no fissility) from shale (fissile ...
The argillites grade into shale when the fissile layering typical of shale is developed. Another name for poorly lithified argillites is mudstone . [ citation needed ] These rocks, although variable in composition, are typically high in aluminium and silica with variable alkali and alkaline earth cations .
Oil shale is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons can be produced. In addition to kerogen, general composition of oil shales constitutes inorganic substance and bitumens. Based on their deposition environment, oil shales are classified as ...
The Chagrin Shale is a gray [5] or greenish-gray [6] argillaceous shale [5] consisting of gray siltstone, silty gray shale, soft gray clay shale, and (uncommonly) grayish-black shale. [7] The primary minerals in the shale are chlorite, illite, kaolinite, and quartz. [6] Thin to massive beds [8] of siltstone and sandstone are common. [6]