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Iron gall ink (also known as common ink, standard ink, oak gall ink or iron gall nut ink) is a purple-black or brown-black ink made from iron salts and tannic acids from vegetable sources. It was the standard ink formulation used in Europe for the 1400-year period between the 5th and 19th centuries, remained in widespread use well into the 20th ...
Iron(II) sulfate outside a titanium dioxide factory in Kaanaa, Pori, Finland. Upon dissolving in water, ferrous sulfates form the metal aquo complex [Fe(H 2 O) 6] 2+, which is an almost colorless, paramagnetic ion. On heating, iron(II) sulfate first loses its water of crystallization and the original green crystals are converted into a white ...
By mixing iron sulfate with tannic acid (which Little derives from cooking the plant sumac), the ink gets its deep shade, which darkens on the paper’s surface once exposed to oxygen.
Along with gall nuts, other important ingredients in the production of iron gall ink include iron sulfate and gum arabic. The reaction between the tannins from the gall nut and the iron produces a complex that gives the iron gall ink its color. The gum arabic makes the ink more viscous and helps bind the ink to the writing surface. [3]
Atramentum librarium was the writing ink of Roman times, atramentum sutorium was used by shoemakers for dyeing leather, and atramentum tectorium (or pidorium) was used by painters for some purposes, apparently as a sort of varnish. [1] Atramentous is a related adjective which means "black as ink".
Clay earth pigments (naturally formed iron oxides) Raw umber (PBr7): a natural clay pigment consisting of iron oxide, manganese oxide and aluminum oxide: Fe 2 O 3 + MnO 2 + n H 2 O + SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3. When calcined (heated) it is referred to as burnt umber and has more intense colors. Raw sienna (PBr7): a naturally occurring yellow-brown ...
Oak galls and iron(II) sulfate. About 1,600 years ago, a popular ink recipe was created. The recipe was used for centuries. Iron salts, such as ferrous sulfate (made by treating iron with sulfuric acid), were mixed with tannin from gallnuts (they grow on trees) and a thickener. When first put to paper, this ink is bluish-black.
Gallic acid is an important component of iron gall ink, the standard European writing and drawing ink from the 12th to 19th centuries, ... (ferrous sulfate) ...