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John Snow (15 March 1813 – 16 June 1858 [1]) was an English physician and a leader in the development of anaesthesia and medical hygiene.He is considered one of the founders of modern epidemiology and early germ theory, in part because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in London's Soho, which he identified as a particular public water pump.
Original map by John Snow showing the clusters of cholera cases (indicated by stacked rectangles) in the London epidemic of 1854. The contaminated pump is located at the crossroads of Broad Street and Cambridge Street (now Lexington Street), running into Little Windmill Street.
John Snow's 1854 map. Cholera cases are in black. John Snow had already postulated nearly a decade earlier that water was to blame for cholera epidemics, and this investigation strengthened his claim. Just as his contemporary Nightingale had done, he also made connections between events and used visual empirical evidence to support his claims.
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The Ghost Map: The Story of London's Most Terrifying Epidemic – and How it Changed Science, Cities and the Modern World is a book by Steven Berlin Johnson in which he describes the most intense outbreak of cholera in Victorian London and centers on John Snow and Henry Whitehead. [1] It was released on 19 October 2006 through Riverhead.
The Pumphandle Lecture was established in 1993 by the John Snow Society, named for John Snow, to celebrate the removal of the Broad Street pump handle that took place in September 1854 during the cholera epidemic in Soho. [1] It is held every year around September. [4] The inaugural lecture was delivered by Nick Ward and chaired by Paul Fine. [1]
Henry Whitehead (22 September 1825 – 5 March 1896) was a Church of England priest and the assistant curate of St Luke's Church in Soho, London, during the 1854 cholera outbreak. [ 1 ] A former believer in the miasma theory of disease , Whitehead worked to disprove false theories, but eventually came to prefer John Snow's idea that cholera ...
Original map by John Snow showing the clusters of cholera cases in the London epidemic of 1854. The 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak was a severe outbreak of cholera that occurred in 1854 near Broad Street (now Broadwick Street) in the Soho district of London, England, and occurred during the third cholera pandemic.