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Statues of William Farel, John Calvin, Theodore Beza, and John Knox, influential theologians in developing the Reformed faith, at the Reformation Wall in Geneva. Reformed Christianity, [1] also called Calvinism, [a] is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation, a schism in the Western Church.
Huldrych Zwingli, whose theology is considered the first expression of Reformed theology [1] was appointed to ministry in Zürich, Switzerland, in 1519. [2] He was influenced by Renaissance humanist Desiderius Erasmus, which led him to study the New Testament and the early Church Fathers as well as to preach from the Bible. [3]
Reformed theology emphasizes the authority of the Bible and the sovereignty of God, as well as covenant theology, a framework for understanding the Bible based on God's covenants with people. Reformed churches have emphasized simplicity in worship.
Calvin's system of theology and Christian life forms the basis of the Reformed tradition, a term roughly equivalent to Calvinism. The Reformed tradition was originally advanced by stalwarts such as Martin Bucer, Heinrich Bullinger and Peter Martyr Vermigli, and also influenced English reformers such as Thomas Cranmer and John Jewel. However ...
The five solae (Latin: quinque solae from the Latin sola, lit. "alone"; [1] occasionally Anglicized to five solas) of the Protestant Reformation are a foundational set of Christian theological principles held by theologians and clergy to be central to the doctrines of justification and salvation as taught by the Lutheranism, Reformed and Evangelical branches of Protestantism, as well as in ...
A defining characteristic of Reformed theology is a belief in predestination—that before the creation of the world God chose some people for salvation (the elect) and this choice depended completely on God's will and in no way on human merit. [3] Reformed Protestants rejected many aspects of Roman Catholic theology and practice.
During the 19th century the German Reformed Church debated issues such as revivalism and especially the Mercersburg Theology of John Nevin and Philip Schaff. In 1866 Samuel Miller, a member of the German Reformed Church, published a work entitled A Treatise on Mercersburg Theology: Mercersburg and Modern Theology Compared.
The revival of reformed theology in the emergence of New Calvinism began in the 1980s. Led by pastors such as John Piper , Tim Keller , Mark Driscoll , Matt Chandler , and Albert Mohler , this spawned a megachurch movement of its own, whose leaders became outspoken critics of dispensationalism.