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Each iteration of the Sierpinski triangle contains triangles related to the next iteration by a scale factor of 1/2. In affine geometry, uniform scaling (or isotropic scaling [1]) is a linear transformation that enlarges (increases) or shrinks (diminishes) objects by a scale factor that is the same in all directions (isotropically).
The current density of the observable universe is of the order of 9.44 · 10 −27 kg m −3 and the age of the universe is of the order of 13.8 billion years, or 4.358 · 10 17 s. The Hubble constant, , is ≈70.88 km s −1 Mpc −1 (The Hubble time is 13.79 billion years).
Similarity transformations applied to gaseous discharges and some plasmas Property Scale factor length, time, inductance, capacitance: x 1: particle energy, velocity, potential, current, resistance: x 0 =1 electric and magnetic fields, conductivity, neutral gas density, ionization fraction: x −1: current density, electron and ion densities: x ...
If k = +1, then a is the radius of curvature of the universe. If k = 0, then a may be fixed to any arbitrary positive number at one particular time. If k = −1, then (loosely speaking) one can say that i · a is the radius of curvature of the universe. a is the scale factor which is taken to be 1 at the present time.
Shares of Apple traded down about 1% to $242.43 in Tuesday's session. Craig Moffett, a senior analyst at MoffettNathanson, said while Apple is still a "truly great company," it has seen an ...
A change in scale is called a scale transformation. The renormalization group is intimately related to scale invariance and conformal invariance, symmetries in which a system appears the same at all scales (self-similarity). [a] As the scale varies, it is as if one is changing the magnifying power of a notional microscope viewing the system.
The Federal Reserve has been battling inflation since March 2022, when it began ratcheting up rates to cool the economy, eventually pushing its benchmark rate to its highest level in 23 years.
Traders work on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange during morning trading on Aug. 23, 2024, in New York City. (Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images) (Michael M. Santiago via Getty Images)