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Costochondritis, also known as chest wall pain syndrome or costosternal syndrome, is a benign inflammation of the upper costochondral (rib to cartilage) and sternocostal (cartilage to sternum) joints. 90% of patients are affected in multiple ribs on a single side, typically at the 2nd to 5th ribs. [1]
[6] [8] [10] Costochondritis is most commonly confused with Tietze syndrome, as they have similar symptoms and can both affect the costochondral and sternocostal joints. Costochondritis is considered a more common condition and is not associated with any swelling to the affected joints, which is the defining distinction between the two.
The CVA is an anatomic concept of the relationship of the 12th rib to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. [1] There is one CVA on each side of the spine. [2] The lateral part of the CVA is formed by the lower border of the 12th rib, and the medial part of the CVA is formed by the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. [1]
Twelfth rib syndrome, also known as rib tip syndrome, is a painful condition that occurs as a result of highly mobile floating ribs.It commonly presents as pain that may be felt in the lower back or lower abdominal region as a result of the 11th or 12th mobile rib irritating the surrounding tissues and nervous systems.
Spells of pain usually last less than a few minutes. Typically it begins at rest and other symptoms are absent. Concerns about the condition may result in anxiety. [1] The underlying cause is unclear. Some believe the pain may be from the chest wall or irritation of an intercostal nerve. [1] [2] Risk factors include psychological stress. [2]
Costochondritis is a common cause of chest pain, consisting of up to 30% of chest pain complaints in emergency departments. The pain is typically diffused with the upper costochondral or sternocostal junctions most frequently involved, unlike slipping rib syndrome, which involves the lower rib cage.
Iliocostal friction syndrome, also known as costoiliac impingement syndrome, is a condition in which the costal margin comes in contact with the iliac crest.The condition presents as low back pain which may radiate to other surrounding areas as a result of irritated nerve, tendon, and muscle structures.
Pain across the costal margin is most commonly caused by costochondritis. [ 6 ] The costal paradox , also known as Hoover's sign and the costal margin paradox , is a sign where the costal angle decreases upon inspiration rather than increasing, indicating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .