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Whitewater canoeing is the sport of paddling a canoe on a moving body of water, typically a whitewater river. Whitewater canoeing can range from simple, carefree gently moving water, to demanding, dangerous whitewater. River rapids are graded like ski runs according to the difficulty, danger or severity of the rapid.
[3] [4] The grade reflects the technical difficulty and skill level required associated with the section of river. The scale is of use to various water sports and activities, such as rafting, riverboarding, whitewater canoeing, stand up paddle surfing, and whitewater kayaking. [5]
Kayaking and rafting exhibit distinct injury rates, with kayaking experiencing 3 to 6 injuries and rafting ranging from 0.26 to 2.1 per 100,000 boating days. In kayaking, acute injuries typically result from the force exerted by the water on the upper extremity, predominantly the shoulder, or collisions with objects during 'swimming' incidents.
Lehigh River, White Haven to Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania - a 24-mile (39 km) run, through a gorge, Class III; in high water this is a Class 4 run. A very good choice for those learning to paddle when the water is at its normal level. Nescopeck Creek, Pennsylvania, Class II-III; Patapsco River, Maryland, Class I-IV. A 31.5 mile (50.69 km) run
Class 3: Medium waves, maybe a 3–5 ft drop, but not much considerable danger, may require significant maneuvering (skill level: experienced paddling) Class 4: Whitewater, large waves, long rapids, rocks, maybe a considerable drop, sharp maneuvers may be needed (skill level: advanced whitewater experience)
Water Sports [7] Whitewater Rafting – Rafters with trained raft guides can paddle Class II, III, and IV rapids on the artificial whitewater channels. In 2010, the USNWC had 100,000 rafters. Whitewater Kayaking – Whitewater kayakers, from beginner to expert, can paddle, with or without instructors, alongside Olympic contenders.
This section's length is approximately 3 miles (4.8 kilometres), but to drive by car from start to finish is only 1.3 miles (2.1 kilometres) because of river and road geography. This section is graded at 2, with three rapids rated at grade 3. In very high water, some of the grade 2 sections will become continuous and push towards grade 3.
Whenever the Potomac River level is below 3.5 ft (1.1 m) on the Little Falls gauge 6,000 cu ft/s (170 m 3 /s), there is a sheer drop between the end of the concrete channel and the river. In certain conditions of high course flow and low river level, a stream-wide retentive hydraulic, or "sticky hole," posed a hazard to paddlers who failed to ...