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  2. Magnification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnification

    Stepwise magnification by 6% per frame into a 39-megapixel image. In the final frame, at about 170x, an image of a bystander is seen reflected in the man's cornea. Magnification is the process of enlarging the apparent size, not physical size, of something. This enlargement is quantified by a size ratio called optical magnification.

  3. f-number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-number

    The brightness of the projected image (illuminance) relative to the brightness of the scene in the lens's field of view decreases with the square of the f-number. A 100 mm focal length f /4 lens has an entrance pupil diameter of 25 mm. A 100 mm focal length f /2 lens has an entrance pupil diameter of 50 mm.

  4. Macro photography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_photography

    Thus a Four Thirds system macro lens like the Laowa 50mm f/2.8 2X Ultra Macro Lens with a maximum image magnification of 2.0x [29] is rated as having a "4.0x 35 mm equivalent magnification". [30] To calculate 35 mm equivalent reproduction ratio, simply multiply the actual maximum magnification of the lens by the 35 mm conversion factor, or ...

  5. Circle of confusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_of_confusion

    To calculate the diameter of the circle of confusion in the image plane for an out-of-focus subject, one method is to first calculate the diameter of the blur circle in a virtual image in the object plane, which is simply done using similar triangles, and then multiply by the magnification of the system, which is calculated with the help of the ...

  6. Depth of field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_field

    Note that = is the transverse magnification which is the ratio of the lateral image size to the lateral subject size. [5] Image sensor size affects DOF in counterintuitive ways. Because the circle of confusion is directly tied to the sensor size, decreasing the size of the sensor while holding focal length and aperture constant will decrease ...

  7. Crop factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_factor

    A 50 mm lens on an APS-C format (crop factor 1.6) images a slightly smaller field of view than a 70 mm lens on a 35 mm camera. The terms crop factor and focal length multiplier were coined to help 35 mm film format SLR photographers understand how their existing ranges of lenses would perform on newly introduced DSLR cameras which had sensors smaller than the 35 mm film format, but often ...

  8. Angle of view (photography) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_view_(photography)

    So a standard 50 mm lens for 35 mm photography acts like a 50 mm standard "film" lens even on a professional digital SLR, but would act closer to a 75 mm (1.5×50 mm Nikon) or 80 mm lens (1.6×50mm Canon) on many mid-market DSLRs, and the 40-degree angle of view of a standard 50 mm lens on a film camera is equivalent to a 28–35 mm lens on ...

  9. Imaging particle analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaging_Particle_Analysis

    The basic process by which imaging particle analysis is carried out is as follows: A digital camera captures an image of the field of view in the optical system.; A gray scale thresholding process is used to perform image segmentation, segregating out the particles from the background, creating a binary image of each particle.