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In computer programming, foreach loop (or for-each loop) is a control flow statement for traversing items in a collection. foreach is usually used in place of a standard for loop statement . Unlike other for loop constructs, however, foreach loops [ 1 ] usually maintain no explicit counter: they essentially say "do this to everything in this ...
Iterative-deepening-A* works as follows: at each iteration, perform a depth-first search, cutting off a branch when its total cost () = + exceeds a given threshold.This threshold starts at the estimate of the cost at the initial state, and increases for each iteration of the algorithm.
Spaghetti code is a pejorative phrase for difficult-to-maintain and unstructured computer source code.Code being developed with poor structure can be due to any of several factors, such as volatile project requirements, lack of programming style rules, and software engineers with insufficient ability or experience.
The most common deviation from structured programming is early exit from a function or loop. At the level of functions, this is a return statement. At the level of loops, this is a break statement (terminate the loop) or continue statement (terminate the current iteration, proceed with next iteration). In structured programming, these can be ...
Robot in a wooden maze. A maze-solving algorithm is an automated method for solving a maze.The random mouse, wall follower, Pledge, and Trémaux's algorithms are designed to be used inside the maze by a traveler with no prior knowledge of the maze, whereas the dead-end filling and shortest path algorithms are designed to be used by a person or computer program that can see the whole maze at once.
Hill climbing attempts to maximize (or minimize) a target function (), where is a vector of continuous and/or discrete values. At each iteration, hill climbing will adjust a single element in and determine whether the change improves the value of ().
The actual logic is contained in event-handler routines. These routines handle the events to which the main program will respond. For example, a single left-button mouse-click on a command button in a GUI program may trigger a routine that will open another window, save data to a database or exit the application.
A Fenwick tree or binary indexed tree (BIT) is a data structure that stores an array of values and can efficiently compute prefix sums of the values and update the values. It also supports an efficient rank-search operation for finding the longest prefix whose sum is no more than a specified value.