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The unusual C-O bond lengths are attributed to delocalized π bonding in the molecule's center and extraordinarily strong hydrogen bonds. The same effects also induce a very short O—O separation (2.13 Å), through the 136° O-H-O angle imposed by the doubly hydrogen-bonded 8-membered rings. [ 4 ]
For example, acetic acid is a weak acid which has a = 1.75 x 10 −5. Its conjugate base is the acetate ion with K b = 10 −14 /K a = 5.7 x 10 −10 (from the relationship K a × K b = 10 −14), which certainly does not correspond to a strong base. The conjugate of a weak acid is often a weak base and vice versa.
The existence of a very long C–C bond length of up to 290 pm is claimed in a dimer of two tetracyanoethylene dianions, although this concerns a 2-electron-4-center bond. [4] [5] This type of bonding has also been observed in neutral phenalenyl dimers. The bond lengths of these so-called "pancake bonds" [6] are up to 305 pm.
In chemistry, a strong electrolyte is a solute that completely, or almost completely, ionizes or dissociates in a solution. These ions are good conductors of electric current in the solution. Originally, a "strong electrolyte" was defined as a chemical compound that, when in aqueous solution , is a good conductor of electricity.
The higher the percentage, the stronger the electrolyte. Thus, even if a substance is not very soluble, but does dissociate completely into ions, the substance is defined as a strong electrolyte. Similar logic applies to a weak electrolyte. Strong acids and bases are good examples, such as HCl and H 2 SO 4. These will all exist as ions in an ...
Comparison of bond lengths in simple hydrocarbons [5] Molecule Ethane: Ethylene: Acetylene: Formula C 2 H 6: C 2 H 4: C 2 H 2: Class alkane: alkene: alkyne: Structure Hybridisation of carbon sp 3: sp 2: sp C-C bond length 153.5 pm: 133.9 pm: 120.3 pm: Proportion of C-C single bond 100% 87% 78% Structure determination method microwave ...
[15] In Lewis theory an acid, A, and a base, B, form an adduct, AB, where the electron pair forms a dative covalent bond between A and B. This is shown when the adduct H 3 N−BF 3 forms from ammonia and boron trifluoride , a reaction that cannot occur in water because boron trifluoride hydrolizes in water.
For strong electrolytes, such as salts, strong acids and strong bases, the molar conductivity depends only weakly on concentration. On dilution there is a regular increase in the molar conductivity of strong electrolyte, due to the decrease in solute–solute interaction. Based on experimental data Friedrich Kohlrausch (around the year 1900 ...