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Nasogastric intubation is a medical process involving the insertion of a plastic tube (nasogastric tube or NG tube) through the nose, down the esophagus, and down into the stomach. Orogastric intubation is a similar process involving the insertion of a plastic tube (orogastric tube) through the mouth. [1] Abraham Louis Levin invented the NG tube.
Gastrostomy may be indicated in numerous situations, usually those in which normal (or nasogastric) feeding is impossible.The causes for these situations may be neurological (e.g. stroke), anatomical (e.g. cleft lip and palate during the process of correction) or other (e.g. radiation therapy for tumors in head & neck region).
It may be taken by mouth or given by a nasogastric tube. [3] Other uses include inside hemoperfusion machines. [1] Common side effects include vomiting, black stools, diarrhea, and constipation. [1] A more serious side effect, pneumonitis, may result if aspirated into the lungs.
The Stamm gastrostomy is an open technique, [4] requiring an upper midline laparotomy and gastrotomy, with the catheter brought out in the left hypochondrium.It was first devised in 1894 by the American Gastric Surgeon, Martin Stamm (1847–1918), who was educated greatly in surgery when he visited Germany.
Whole bowel irrigation is undertaken either by having the patient drink the solution or a nasogastric tube is inserted and the solution is delivered down the tube into the stomach. When administered to adolescents and adults as preparation for surgery, colonoscopy, or another procedure, the solution is usually taken orally, unless oral ...
High-fiber foods and foods with a more dense, natural consistency can become very difficult to eat, while highly refined foods cause little discomfort. Many people who regain any weight lost after surgery do so because they begin to avoid the discomfort associated with consuming "healthier" foods, and start eating more easily passed "junk" foods.
The condition may be treated conservatively or with surgery. [2] Typically intravenous fluids are given, a nasogastric (NG) tube is placed through the nose into the stomach to decompress the intestines, and pain medications are given. [2] Antibiotics are often given. [2] In small bowel obstruction about 25% require surgery. [6]
Gastric volvulus causes nausea, vomiting, and pain in the upper abdomen. The Borchardt triad is a group of symptoms that help doctors to identify gastric volvulus. The symptoms are intractable retching, pain in the upper abdomen and inability to pass nasogastric tube into the stomach. [14]