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The inferior or lower (or ascending) fibers of the trapezius arise from the spinous processes of the remaining thoracic vertebrae (T4–T12). From this origin, they proceed upward and laterally to converge near the scapula and end in an aponeurosis , which glides over the smooth triangular surface on the medial end of the spine, to be inserted ...
The levatores costarum (/ ˌ l ɛ v ə ˈ t ɔːr iː z k ə ˈ s t ɛər ə m /), twelve in number on either side, are small tendinous and fleshy bundles, which arise from the ends of the transverse processes of the seventh cervical and upper eleven thoracic vertebrae
The large rhombus-shaped muscle, located under the trapezius muscle, in the upper part of the thoracic region of the back, and the small muscle, in the same way, participate in the movement of the scapula. [4] Their functions are the following: [1] [2] [3] Drawing scapula superomedially; Supporting scapula; Rotating glenoid cavity inferiorly
Levator scapulae forms part of the latter group together with rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, serratus anterior, and trapezius. The trapezius evolved separately, but the other three muscles in this group evolved from the first eight or ten ribs and the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae (homologous to the ribs).
All of the infrahyoid muscles are innervated by the ansa cervicalis from the cervical plexus (C1-C3) [4] [5] except the thyrohyoid muscle, which is innervated by fibers only from the first cervical spinal nerve travelling with the hypoglossal nerve.
The thoracolumbar fascia (lumbodorsal fascia or thoracodorsal fascia) is a complex, [1]: 1137 multilayer arrangement of fascial and aponeurotic layers forming a separation between the paraspinal muscles on one side, and the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall (quadratus lumborum, and psoas major [1]: 1137 ) on the other.
The latissimus dorsi crosses the inferior angle of the scapula. A study found that, of 100 cadavers dissected: [6] 43% had "a substantial amount" of fibers in the latissimus dorsi originating from the scapula. 36% had few or no muscular fibers, but a "soft fibrous link" between the scapula and the latissimus dorsi
This type of injury is known to affect the athletic population, namely in high-impact contact sports such as powerlifting, and may result in pain, weakness, and disability. Most lesions are located at the musculotendinous junction and result from violent, eccentric contraction of the muscle, such as during bench press. [ 12 ]