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If the impaired vein function causes significant symptoms, such as swelling and ulcer formation, it is referred to as chronic venous disease. [3] It is sometimes called chronic peripheral venous insufficiency and should not be confused with post-thrombotic syndrome in which the deep veins have been damaged by previous deep vein thrombosis .
Ankle, feet, and leg swelling This occurs because of a phenomenon known as third spacing. Third spacing occurs because the heart is unable to pump the blood throughout the body, and thus the fluid pools up in your veins. The fluid then eventually leaves your veins and enters the interstitial space, causing swelling.
This valvular incompetence combined with persistent venous obstruction from thrombus increases the pressure in veins and capillaries. Venous hypertension induces a rupture of small superficial veins, subcutaneous hemorrhage [7] and an increase of tissue permeability. That is manifested by pain, swelling, discoloration, and even ulceration. [8]
The condition is commonly associated with vascular and cardiac changes associated with aging but can be caused by many other conditions, including congestive heart failure, kidney failure, liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, trauma, alcoholism, altitude sickness, pregnancy, hypertension, sickle cell anemia, a compromised lymphatic system or merely long periods of time sitting or standing ...
Hypertension or high blood pressure affects at least 26.4% of the world's population. [15] Hypertensive heart disease is only one of several diseases attributable to high blood pressure. Other diseases caused by high blood pressure include ischemic heart disease, cancer, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, aneurysms and kidney disease.
For people with HCM who exhibit one or more of the major risk factors for sudden cardiac death, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or a combination pacemaker/ICD all-in-one unit may be recommended as an appropriate precaution. [7] [20] [63] [64] In 2014, European Society of Cardiology suggested a practical risk score to calculate ...
[8] [9] Coronary artery disease and high blood pressure may play a role, but are not the primary cause. [ 5 ] [ 8 ] In many cases the cause remains unclear. [ 8 ] It is a type of cardiomyopathy , a group of diseases that primarily affects the heart muscle . [ 3 ]
Cardiomyopathy is a group of primary diseases of the heart muscle. [1] Early on there may be few or no symptoms. [1] As the disease worsens, shortness of breath, feeling tired, and swelling of the legs may occur, due to the onset of heart failure. [1]