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  2. Concentric reducer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentric_reducer

    A copper concentric reducer. A concentric reducer is used to join pipe sections or tube sections on the same axis. [1] The concentric reducer is cone-shaped, and is used when there is a shift in diameter between pipes. [1] For example, when a 1" pipe transitions into a 3/4" pipe and the top or bottom of the pipe doesn't need to remain level. [2]

  3. Hazen–Williams equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazen–Williams_equation

    The equation for head loss in pipes, also referred to as slope, S, expressed in "feet per foot of length" vs. in 'psi per foot of length' as described above, with the inside pipe diameter, d, being entered in feet vs. inches, and the flow rate, Q, being entered in cubic feet per second, cfs, vs. gallons per minute, gpm, appears very similar.

  4. Eccentric reducer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccentric_reducer

    They are used where the diameter of the pipe on the upstream side of the fitting (i.e. where flow is coming from) is larger than the downstream side, and where there is a danger that vapour may accumulate. [1] Unlike a concentric reducer, which resembles a cone, eccentric reducers have an edge that is parallel to the connecting pipe, referred ...

  5. Pressure drop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_drop

    Pressure drop in piping is directly proportional to the length of the piping—for example, a pipe with twice the length will have twice the pressure drop, given the same flow rate. [8] Piping fittings (such as elbow and tee joints) generally lead to greater pressure drop than straight pipe. As such, a number of correlations have been developed ...

  6. Capstan equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capstan_equation

    Schematic of quantities for capstan equation An example of holding capstans and a powered capstan used to raise sails on a tall ship. The capstan equation [ 1 ] or belt friction equation , also known as Euler–Eytelwein formula [ 2 ] (after Leonhard Euler and Johann Albert Eytelwein ), [ 3 ] relates the hold-force to the load-force if a ...

  7. Bearing reducer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_reducer

    A Bearing reducer in engineering is a bearing that designates the full integration of high-precision reduction gear and high-precision radial-axial bearing in a ...

  8. Official Table of Drops - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_Table_of_Drops

    The Official Table of Drops, formerly issued by the British Home Office, is a manual which is used to calculate the appropriate length of rope for long drop hangings. Following a series of failed hangings, including those of John Babbacombe Lee , a committee chaired by Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare was formed in 1886 to discover and report on ...

  9. Mechanical advantage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_advantage

    The total length of the rope L can be written as = + +, where K is the constant length of rope that passes over the pulleys and does not change as the block and tackle moves. The velocities V A and V B of the points A and B are related by the constant length of the rope, that is

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