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Citric acid is an organic compound with the formula H O C(CO 2 H)(CH 2 CO 2 H) 2. [10] It is a colorless weak organic acid. [10] It occurs naturally in citrus fruits.In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.
For example, acetic acid is a weak acid which has a = 1.75 x 10 −5. Its conjugate base is the acetate ion with K b = 10 −14 /K a = 5.7 x 10 −10 (from the relationship K a × K b = 10 −14), which certainly does not correspond to a strong base. The conjugate of a weak acid is often a weak base and vice versa.
An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties. The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids , whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group –COOH. Sulfonic acids , containing the group –SO 2 OH, are relatively stronger acids.
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In the case of citric acid, the overlap is extensive and solutions of citric acid are buffered over the whole range of pH 2.5 to 7.5. Calculation of the pH with a polyprotic acid requires a speciation calculation to be performed. In the case of citric acid, this entails the solution of the two equations of mass balance:
Citric acid/potassium-sodium citrate is a drug used in the treatment of metabolic acidosis (a disorder in which the blood is too acidic). It is made up of citrate (the weak base of citric acid), a sodium cation and potassium cation. It can also be used for the treatment of kidney stones [1] by treating hypocitraturia. [2]
Other examples of inorganic polyprotic acids include anions of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and hydrogen sulfide that have lost one or more protons. In organic chemistry and biochemistry, important examples include amino acids and derivatives of citric acid. Although an amphiprotic species must be amphoteric, the converse is not true.
Ascorbic acid is a weak sugar acid structurally related to glucose. In biological systems, ascorbic acid can be found only at low pH, but in solutions above pH 5 is predominantly found in the ionized form, ascorbate. [8] Many analytical methods have been developed for ascorbic acid detection.