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Soman (or GD, EA 1210, Zoman, PFMP, A-255, systematic name: O-pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) [1] is an extremely toxic chemical substance. It is a nerve agent , interfering with normal functioning of the mammalian nervous system by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase .
Stereoisomers of Soman, a G-series nerve agent and suicide inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase.Note the non-carbon chiral center.. In biochemistry, suicide inhibition, also known as suicide inactivation or mechanism-based inhibition, is an irreversible form of enzyme inhibition that occurs when an enzyme binds a substrate analog and forms an irreversible complex with it through a covalent bond ...
This causes disturbances across the cholinergic synapses and can only be reactivated very slowly, if at all. Paraoxonase 1 is a key enzyme involved in organophosphate toxicity and has been found to be critical in determining an organism's sensitivity to organophosphate exposure. [26]
A new study is illuminating how “forever chemicals” can alter our brain cells by impairing the genes that maintain healthy neurons, the cells of our nervous system. Scientists are only ...
Amyloid beta (Aβ) was found to cause neurotoxicity and cell death in the brain when present in high concentrations. Aβ results from a mutation that occurs when protein chains are cut at the wrong locations, resulting in chains of different lengths that are unusable.
Ammonia toxicity is often seen through two routes of administration, either through consumption or through endogenous ailments such as liver failure. [89] [90] One notable case in which ammonia toxicity is common is in response to cirrhosis of the liver which results in hepatic encephalopathy, and can result in cerebral edema (Haussinger 2006 ...
Cyclosarin or GF (cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance used as a chemical weapon. [1] It is a member of the G-series family of nerve agents, a group of chemical weapons discovered and synthesized by a German team led by Gerhard Schrader.
The direct toxicity to the cells leads to an increase in capillary permeability. [12] [13] Furthermore, when phosgene hydrolyzes it forms hydrochloric acid, which can damage the cell surface and cause cell death in the alveoli and bronchioles.