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Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature) is a fatty acid with a 16-carbon chain. It is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Its chemical formula is CH 3 (CH 2 ) 14 COOH , and its C:D ratio (the total number of carbon atoms to the number of carbon-carbon double bonds) is 16:0.
Palmitoyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA thioester. It is an "activated" form of palmitic acid and can be transported into the mitochondrial matrix by the carnitine shuttle system (which transports fatty acyl-CoA molecules into the mitochondria), and once inside can participate in beta-oxidation.
Decanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 8 COOH C10:0 Undecylic acid: Undecanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 9 COOH C11:0 Lauric acid: Dodecanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 10 COOH C12:0 Tridecylic acid: Tridecanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 11 COOH C13:0 Myristic acid: Tetradecanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 12 COOH C14:0 Pentadecylic acid: Pentadecanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 13 COOH C15:0 Palmitic ...
Palmitoylcarnitine is an ester derivative of carnitine involved in the metabolism of fatty acids.During the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), fatty acids undergo a process known as β-oxidation to produce energy in the form of ATP. β-oxidation occurs primarily within mitochondria, however the mitochondrial membrane prevents the entry of long chain fatty acids (>C10), so the conversion of fatty ...
The starting point for elongation of palmitic acid is palmitoyl-CoA, analogous to acetyl ACP, the starting point for FAS. As in FAS, elongation proceeds by 2-carbon units provided by malonyl-CoA. As in the biosynthesis of palmitic acid, the 3-ketoacyl-CoA is processed to remove the keto group. In this way, stearic acid is produced. [3]
In molecular biology, palmitoylation is the covalent attachment of fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, to cysteine (S-palmitoylation) and less frequently to serine and threonine (O-palmitoylation) residues of proteins, which are typically membrane proteins. [2] The precise function of palmitoylation depends on the particular protein being ...
Palmitic acid (C16:0) is the major saturated fatty acid in human milk, accounting for 17-25% of the total fatty acids, [2] with over 70% of 16:0 is esterified at the milk triglyceride sn-2 position. [2] [3] The major unsaturated fatty acid in human milk is oleic acid (18:1n-9) and this is mostly esterified at the triglyceride sn-1,3 (outer ...
The systematic IUPAC name is not always the preferred IUPAC name, for example, lactic acid is a common, and also the preferred, name for what systematic rules call 2-hydroxypropanoic acid. This list is ordered by the number of carbon atoms in a carboxylic acid.