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In this example, the default gateway uses the IP address 192.168.4.1, which is resolved into a MAC address with ARP in the usual way. The destination IP address remains 192.168.12.3, but the next-hop MAC address is that of the gateway, rather than of the ultimate destination.
CIADDR (Client IP address: 0x00000000) 44 352 YIADDR (Your IP address: 0xC0A80164 or 192.168.1.100) 48 384 SIADDR (Server IP address: 0xC0A80101 or 192.168.1.1) 52 416 GIADDR (Gateway IP address: 0x00000000) 56 448 CHADDR (Client Hardware address: 0x00053C04 0x8D590000 0x00000000 0x00000000) 60 480 64 512 68 544 72 576
On Windows computers, the gateway address is configured using the TCP/IP Properties. The gateway address can be automatically determined using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). DHCP allows a host to obtain network information from a server. The host contacts the server to obtain an IP address and Default Gateway address.
The IP address of a public server is also important, similar in global uniqueness to a postal address or telephone number. Both IP address and port number must be correctly known by all hosts wishing to successfully communicate. Private IP addresses as described in RFC 1918 are usable only on private networks not directly connected to the internet.
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has reserved the IPv4 address block 169.254.0.0 / 16 (169.254.0.0 – 169.254.255.255) for link-local addressing. [1] The entire range may be used for this purpose, except for the first 256 and last 256 addresses (169.254.0.0 / 24 and 169.254.255.0 / 24), which are reserved for future use and must not be selected by a host using this dynamic ...
Port forwarding via NAT router. In computer networking, port forwarding or port mapping is an application of network address translation (NAT) that redirects a communication request from one address and port number combination to another while the packets are traversing a network gateway, such as a router or firewall.
Used for link-local addresses [5] between two hosts on a single link when no IP address is otherwise specified, such as would have normally been retrieved from a DHCP server 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255 1 048 576: Private network Used for local communications within a private network [3] 192.0.0.0/24 192.0.0.0–192.0.0.255 256
The host broadcasts an ARP request containing the node's IP address, and the node with the corresponding IP address returns an ARP reply that contains its MAC address. ARP has been implemented with many combinations of network and data link layer technologies, such as IPv4 , Chaosnet , DECnet and Xerox PARC Universal Packet (PUP) using IEEE 802 ...