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The major determinant of vascular resistance is small arteriolar (known as resistance arterioles) tone. These vessels are from 450 μm down to 100 μm in diameter (as a comparison, the diameter of a capillary is about 5 to 10 μm). Another determinant of vascular resistance is the pre-capillary arterioles. These arterioles are less than 100 μm ...
Peripheral Arterial Tone (PAT) is a noninvasive measure designed to track pulsatile volume changes in peripheral arterial beds. The collected information gives specialists important insight into the autonomic nervous system and the cardiovascular system .
Bayliss effect or Bayliss myogenic response is a special manifestation of the myogenic tone in the vasculature. [3] [4] The Bayliss effect in vascular smooth muscles cells is a response to stretch. This is especially relevant in arterioles of the body. When blood pressure is increased in the blood vessels and the blood vessels distend, they ...
Moreover, impaired blood flow resulting from abnormal vasoconstriction may contribute to tissue ischemia, which can be observed in conditions like Raynaud's disease. Understanding the pathology of vasoconstriction is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies to manage conditions associated with abnormal vascular tone. [17]
Below are several examples of differing types of local blood flow regulation by specific organ type or organ system. In each case, there is a specific type of intrinsic regulation occurring in order to maintain or alter blood flow to that given organ alone, instead of creating a systemic change that would affect the entire body.
Endothelin-1 is the most powerful endogenous chemical affecting vascular tone across organ systems. [2] [13] Secretion of endothelin-1 from the vascular endothelium signals vasoconstriction and influences local cellular growth and survival. [13]
This reduces sympathetic tone to vascular smooth muscle. [9] This reduces heart rate and vascular resistance. [9] Digoxin increases vagal tone from the vasomotor centre, which decreases pulse. [7] G-series nerve agents have their most potent effect in the vasomotor center. [10]
Vasomotion is the spontaneous oscillation in tone of blood vessel walls, independent of heart beat, innervation or respiration. [1] While vasomotion was first observed by Thomas Wharton Jones in 1852, the complete mechanisms responsible for its generation and its physiological importance remain to be elucidated.