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Hardness is dependent on ductility, elastic stiffness, plasticity, strain, strength, toughness, viscoelasticity, and viscosity. Common examples of hard matter are ceramics, concrete, certain metals, and superhard materials, which can be contrasted with soft matter.
Some physical properties are qualitative, such as shininess, brittleness, etc.; some general qualitative properties admit more specific related quantitative properties, such as in opacity, hardness, ductility, viscosity, etc. Physical properties are often characterized as intensive and extensive properties. An intensive property does not depend ...
Mohs hardness of materials (data page) Vickers hardness test; Brinell scale This page was last edited on ...
A material property is an intensive property of a material, i.e., a physical property or chemical property that does not depend on the amount of the material. These quantitative properties may be used as a metric by which the benefits of one material versus another can be compared, thereby aiding in materials selection.
Mohs scale hardness: 10: Streak: white: Diaphaneity: Clear to not: Specific gravity: 3.516–3.525: Refractive index: 2.417: Pleochroism: None: Fusibility: Burns above 700 °C in air. Solubility: Resistant to acids, but dissolves irreversibly in hot steel: Other characteristics: boiling point = none, very low vapor pressure before decomposing ...
The ratio of two extensive properties of the same object or system is an intensive property. For example, the ratio of an object's mass and volume, which are two extensive properties, is density, which is an intensive property. [9] More generally properties can be combined to give new properties, which may be called derived or composite properties.
Aluminium oxide is used for its hardness and strength. Its naturally occurring form, corundum, is a 9 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness (just below diamond). It is widely used as an abrasive, including as a much less expensive substitute for industrial diamond. Many types of sandpaper use aluminium oxide crystals.
Characterization, when used in materials science, refers to the broad and general process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained.