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The most common form of colon cancer is adenocarcinoma, constituting between 95% [2] and 98% [3] of all cases of colorectal cancer. Other, rarer types include lymphoma, adenosquamous and squamous cell carcinoma. Some subtypes have been found to be more aggressive. [4]
Colonoscopy (/ ˌ k ɒ l ə ˈ n ɒ s k ə p i /) or coloscopy (/ k ə ˈ l ɒ s k ə p i /) [1] is a medical procedure involving the endoscopic examination of the large bowel (colon) and the distal portion of the small bowel.
The colon cut-off sign is a radiographic finding seen on abdominal radiographs and computed tomography scans. It is characterized by a marked dilatation of the transverse colon, with an abrupt transition to collapsed distal colon, particularly the splenic flexure. [1] This sign is indicative of underlying pathology, most commonly acute ...
A colorectal polyp is a polyp (fleshy growth) occurring on the lining of the colon or rectum. [1] Untreated colorectal polyps can develop into colorectal cancer. [2]Colorectal polyps are often classified by their behaviour (i.e. benign vs. malignant) or cause (e.g. as a consequence of inflammatory bowel disease).
A sessile serrated lesion (SSL) is a premalignant flat (or sessile) lesion of the colon, predominantly seen in the cecum and ascending colon. SSLs are thought to lead to colorectal cancer through the (alternate) serrated pathway. [1] [2] This differs from most colorectal cancer, which arises from mutations starting with inactivation of the APC ...
There are several surgical options that involve the removal of either the colon or both the colon and rectum. Rectum involved: the rectum and part or all of the colon are removed. The patient may require an ileostomy (permanent stoma where stool goes into a bag on the abdomen) or have an ileo-anal pouch reconstruction. The decision to remove ...
The signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer depend on the location of the tumor in the bowel, and whether it has spread elsewhere in the body ().The classic warning signs include: worsening constipation, blood in the stool, decrease in stool caliber (thickness), loss of appetite, loss of weight, and nausea or vomiting in someone over 50 years old. [15]
Microscopic colitis is characterized by an increase in inflammatory cells, particularly lymphocytes, in colonic biopsies with an otherwise normal appearance and architecture of the colon. [2] Inflammatory cells are increased both in the surface epithelium ("intraepithelial lymphocytes") and in the lamina propria .