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Common side effects include headaches, fever, and nausea. [6] Serious side effects include liver problems, muscle damage, and high blood lactate levels. [6] It is commonly used in pregnancy and appears to be safe for the fetus. [6] ZDV is of the nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) class. [6]
The general idea behind modern antiviral drug design is to identify viral proteins, or parts of proteins, that can be disabled. [11] [13] These "targets" should generally be as unlike any proteins or parts of proteins in humans as possible, to reduce the likelihood of side effects and toxicity. [8]
A drug combination targeting SARS-CoV-2, Paxlovid, was approved in December 2021 to treat COVID-19. [12] It is a combination of nirmatrelvir , a protease inhibitor targeted to the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease , and ritonavir, which inhibits the metabolism of nirmatrelvir, thereby prolonging its effect.
Ensitrelvir has been investigated for use as potential post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for SARS-CoV-2 infection. [20] [21] The SCORPIO-PEP trial, a global Phase 3 study, assessed the safety and efficacy of ensitrelvir in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 among household contacts of individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
List of Antiviral Drugs Antiviral Use Manufacturer Component Type Year approved Abacavir: HIV: ViiV Healthcare: Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) 1998 Acyclovir (Aciclovir) Herpes Simplex, chickenpox, [2] varicella zoster virus: GSK: guanosine analogue RTI 1981 Adefovir: Hepatitis B [3] Gilead Sciences RTI 2002 , 2003 ...
Many factors may contribute to depression in adults living with HIV, such as the effects of the virus on the brain, other infections or tumours, antiretroviral drugs and other medical treatment. [74] Rates of major depression are higher in people living with HIV compared to the general population, and this may negatively influence ...
Ribbon diagram of the protein with the drug shown as sticks. The catalytic residues (His41, Cys145) are shown as yellow sticks. The catalytic residues (His41, Cys145) are shown as yellow sticks. Nirmatrelvir is an antiviral medication developed by Pfizer which acts as an orally active 3C-like protease inhibitor .
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is under investigation, so its side effects have yet to be fully evaluated and may not be completely known. [19] Other side effects of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir may include hypersensitivity reactions, liver toxicity, and development of HIV drug resistance in people with uncontrolled or undiagnosed HIV infection.