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A Compact Antenna Test Range (CATR) is a facility which is used to provide convenient testing of antenna systems at frequencies where obtaining far-field spacing to the AUT would be infeasible using traditional free space methods. It was invented by Richard C. Johnson at the Georgia Tech Research Institute. [3]
For the relationship between the electric and magnetic fields, see the impedance of free space. For a 50 Ω load, knowing that P D A e = P r = V 2 /R and E 2 = μ 0 ε 0 {\displaystyle {\sqrt {\frac {\mu _{0}}{\varepsilon _{0}}}}} P D ~ 377P D (E and V noted here are the RMS values averaged over time), the antenna factor is developed as:
The aim is either for the cell system to report the location of a cell phone placing an emergency call or to provide a service to tell the user of the cell phone where they are. Multiple receivers on a base station would calculate the AoA of the cell phone's signal, and this information would be combined to determine the phone's location.
Forms of the reciprocity theorems are used in many electromagnetic applications, such as analyzing electrical networks and antenna systems. [1] For example, reciprocity implies that antennas work equally well as transmitters or receivers, and specifically that an antenna's radiation and receiving patterns are identical.
Phase-comparison monopulse is a technique used in radio frequency (RF) applications such as radar and direction finding to accurately estimate the direction of arrival of a signal from the phase difference of the signal measured on two (or more) separated antennas [1] or more typically from displaced phase centers of an array antenna.
Pages for logged out editors learn more. ... (but reciprocal) ... "Measurement guidelines for DVB systems", Errata 1, May 1997
Moxon antenna for the 20-meter band.The antenna is the faint rectangle of wires held in tension by the bent X-shaped support frame. Moxon antenna for the 2-meter band. The Moxon antenna or Moxon rectangle is a simple and mechanically rugged two-element parasitic array, single-frequency antenna. [1]
When modeling spatial correlation it is useful to employ the Kronecker model, where the correlation between transmit antennas and receive antennas are assumed independent and separable. This model is reasonable when the main scattering appears close to the antenna arrays and has been validated by both outdoor and indoor measurements. [2] [3]