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See Weight for detail of mass/weight distinction and conversion. Avoirdupois is a system of mass based on a pound of 16 ounces, while Troy weight is the system of mass where 12 troy ounces equals one troy pound. The symbol g 0 is used to denote standard gravity in order to avoid confusion with the (upright) g symbol for gram.
One slug is a mass equal to 32.17405 lb (14.59390 kg) based on standard gravity, the international foot, and the avoirdupois pound. [3] In other words, at the Earth's surface (in standard gravity), an object with a mass of 1 slug weighs approximately 32.17405 lbf or 143.1173 N. [ 4 ] [ 5 ]
conversion factor/N⋅m combinations Industrial: SI: Newton-metre: Nm N⋅m 1 Nm lbft; Nm lbfft; Non-SI metric: kilogram-metre: kgm kg·m 9.80665 Imperial & US customary: pound-foot: lbft lb⋅ft Pound-inch (lb.in) is also available 1.3558 Scientific: SI: newton metre: Nm N⋅m 1 Nm lbft; Nm lbfft; Non-SI metric: kilogram-force metre: kgf.m kgf ...
This is convenient because one pound mass exerts one pound force due to gravity. Note, however, unlike the other systems the force unit is not equal to the mass unit multiplied by the acceleration unit [11] —the use of Newton's second law, F = m ⋅ a, requires another factor, g c, usually taken to be 32.174049 (lb⋅ft)/(lbf⋅s 2).
Units for other physical quantities are derived from this set as needed. In English Engineering Units, the pound-mass and the pound-force are distinct base units, and Newton's Second Law of Motion takes the form = where is the acceleration in ft/s 2 and g c = 32.174 lb·ft/(lbf·s 2).
Butter may be measured by either weight (1 ⁄ 4 lb) or volume (3 tbsp) or a combination of weight and volume (1 ⁄ 4 lb plus 3 tbsp); it is sold by weight but in packages marked to facilitate common divisions by eye. (As a sub-packaged unit, a stick of butter, at 1 ⁄ 4 lb [113 g], is a de facto measure in the US.)
One kilogram-force, nominal weight of a 1 kg (2.2 lb) object at sea level on Earth [15] 10 N 50 N Average force to break the shell of a chicken egg from a young hen [16] 10 2 N 720 N Average force of human bite, measured at molars [17] 10 3 N kilonewton (kN) 5 kN The force applied by the engine of a small car during peak acceleration [citation ...
Engineers in disciplines involving weight loading (force on a structure due to gravity), such as structural engineering, convert the mass of objects like concrete and automobiles (expressed in kilograms) to a force in newtons (by multiplying by some factor around 9.8; 2 significant figures is usually sufficient for such calculations) to derive ...