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  2. Labour supply - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_supply

    If the substitution effect is stronger than the income effect then the labour supply slopes upward. If, beyond a certain wage rate, the income effect is stronger than the substitution effect, then the labour supply curve bends backward. Individual labor supply curves can be aggregated to derive the total labour supply of an economy. [1]

  3. Phillips curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillips_curve

    In the diagram, the long-run Phillips curve is the vertical red line. The NAIRU theory says that when unemployment is at the rate defined by this line, inflation will be stable. However, in the short-run policymakers will face an inflation-unemployment rate trade-off marked by the "Initial Short-Run Phillips Curve" in the graph.

  4. Labor demand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_demand

    The long-run labor demand function of a competitive firm is determined by the following profit maximization problem: ,, = (,), where p is the exogenous selling price of the produced output, Q is the chosen quantity of output to be produced per month, w is the hourly wage rate paid to a worker, L is the number of labor hours hired (the quantity of labor demanded) per month, r is the cost of ...

  5. Cost curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_curve

    The total cost curve, if non-linear, can represent increasing and diminishing marginal returns.. The short-run total cost (SRTC) and long-run total cost (LRTC) curves are increasing in the quantity of output produced because producing more output requires more labor usage in both the short and long runs, and because in the long run producing more output involves using more of the physical ...

  6. Backward bending supply curve of labour - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backward_bending_supply...

    The labour supply curve shows how changes in real wage rates might affect the number of hours worked by employees.. In economics, a backward-bending supply curve of labour, or backward-bending labour supply curve, is a graphical device showing a situation in which as real (inflation-corrected) wages increase beyond a certain level, people will substitute time previously devoted for paid work ...

  7. Supply (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_(economics)

    A firm's short-run supply curve is the marginal cost curve above the shutdown point—the short-run marginal cost curve (SRMC) above the minimum average variable cost. The portion of the SRMC below the shutdown point is not part of the supply curve because the firm is not producing any output. [13]

  8. Average variable cost - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_variable_cost

    As a result, the firm's short-run supply curve has output of 0 when the price is below the minimum AVC and jumps to output such that for higher prices, where denotes marginal cost. [ 1 ] See also

  9. Labour economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_economics

    A firm's labour demand in the short run (D) and a horizontal supply curve (S) The marginal revenue product of labour can be used as the demand for labour curve for this firm in the short run. In competitive markets , a firm faces a perfectly elastic supply of labour which corresponds with the wage rate and the marginal resource cost of labour ...