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To compute the greatest distance D BL at which an observer B can see the top of an object L above the horizon, simply add the distances to the horizon from each of the two points: D BL = D B + D L For example, for an observer B with a height of h B =1.70 m standing on the ground, the horizon is D B =4.65 km away.
If the height h is given in feet, and the distance d in statute miles, d ≈ 1.23 ⋅ h {\displaystyle d\approx 1.23\cdot {\sqrt {h}}} R is the radius of the Earth, h is the height of the ground station, H is the height of the air station d is the line of sight distance
[The percentage error, which increases roughly in proportion to the height, is less than 1% when H is less than 250 km.] With this calculation, the horizon for a radar at a 1-mile (1.6 km) altitude is 89-mile (143 km). The radar horizon with an antenna height of 75 feet (23 m) over the ocean is 10-mile (16 km).
Graphs of distances to the true horizon on Earth for a given height h. s is along the surface of Earth, d is the straight line distance, and ~d is the approximate straight line distance assuming h << the radius of Earth, 6371 km. In the SVG image, hover over a graph to highlight it.
Altitude (alt.), sometimes referred to as elevation (el.) or apparent height, is the angle between the object and the observer's local horizon. For visible objects, it is an angle between 0° and 90°. [b] Azimuth (az.) is the angle of the object around the horizon, usually measured from true north and increasing eastward.
Graphs of distances to the true horizon on Earth for a given height above sea level, h by CMG Lee. s is along the surface of the Earth, d is the straight line distance, and ~d is the approximate straight line distance assuming h << the radius of the Earth, 6371 km. In the SVG image, hover over a graph to highlight it. Width: 100%: Height: 100%
Depth perception is the ability to perceive distance to objects in the world using the visual system and visual perception. It is a major factor in perceiving the world in three dimensions . Depth sensation is the corresponding term for non-human animals, since although it is known that they can sense the distance of an object, it is not known ...
Practical solutions of a ballistics problem often require considerations of air resistance, cross winds, target motion, acceleration due to gravity varying with height, and in such problems as launching a rocket from one point on the Earth to another, the horizon's distance vs curvature R of the Earth (its local speed of rotation () = ()).