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The most common cause is multiple sclerosis (MS) or ischemic optic neuropathy due to thrombosis or embolism of the vessel that supplies the optic nerve. [13] [14] Up to 50% of patients with MS will develop an episode of optic neuritis, and 20–30% of the time optic neuritis is the presenting sign of MS.
Some cases of McDonalds-positive multiple sclerosis [24] [26] [23] [27] isolated optic neuritis or transverse myelitis [24] Recurrent optic neuritis. The repetition of an idiopatic optic neuritis is considered a distinct clinical condition, and it has been found to be associated with anti-MOG autoantibodies [28]
Early initiation of treatment with steroids has been shown to improve vision-related outcomes after acute attacks. [1] [59] However, there is no high-level evidence for steroids affecting long-term outcomes; this treatment strategy was borrowed from that for similar diseases (idiopathic optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis). [59] [58]
Multiple sclerosis can cause a variety of symptoms varying significantly in severity and progression among individuals: changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty moving; difficulties with coordination and balance; problems in speech or swallowing , visual problems (nystagmus, optic neuritis ...
Symptoms of Uhthoff's phenomenon occur when exposed to heat, and include: fatigue [2] pain [2] concentration difficulties [2] urinary urgency [2] [3] worsen of existing optic neuropathy [4] (although optic neuropathy may occur for the first time) [3] muscle stiffness [3] dizziness and unsteadiness [3]
Multiple sclerosis and Neuromyelitis optica are autoimmune diseases which both frequently present with optic neuritis, an inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy of the optic nerve. [3] Multiple sclerosis is a disease of unknown etiology which is characterized by neurological lesions "disseminated in time and space". [24]
It is also common in retrobulbar optic neuritis due to multiple sclerosis but unreliable in bilateral optic neuritis. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] A total CN II lesion, in which the affected eye perceives no light, is very similar to a Marcus Gunn pupil; to distinguish them, in a CNII total lesion shining the light in the affected eye produces zero dilation nor ...
A clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is a clinical situation of an individual's first neurological episode, caused by inflammation or demyelination of nerve tissue. An episode may be monofocal, in which symptoms present at a single site in the central nervous system, or multifocal, in which multiple sites exhibit symptoms.
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