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[31] [46] [60] In approximately 15% of people, symptoms may persist for years or be permanent. If symptoms are not resolved by one year, they are likely to be permanent, though improvements may occur after even two or three years, [43] or may suddenly occur after a long time without much improvement. [61]
Second-impact syndrome (SIS) occurs when the brain swells rapidly, and catastrophically, after a person has a second concussion before symptoms from an earlier one have subsided. This second blow may occur minutes, days, or weeks after an initial concussion, [1] and even the mildest grade of concussion can lead to second impact syndrome. [2]
Another concussion before the symptoms of a prior concussion have resolved is associated with worse outcomes. [21] [22] Repeated concussions may also increase the risk in later life of chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Parkinson's disease and depression. [23] Video explanation of concussions in children [24]
But later, I learned from Cleveland Clinic doctors that it isn't unusual to retain consciousness and even be symptom-free at the beginning stages of a concussion. “While concussion symptoms can ...
Late symptoms can occur days to weeks after the initial injury, although headaches and dizziness can persist well into the "late stage" as well. [7] RPQ-3 symptoms are regarded as the more "physical" symptoms, whereas the RPQ-13 set of symptoms are considered to have a more significant impact on psychic and social function.
A concussion can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, headaches and memory problems. But concussions are treatable. The usual treatment is rest — for the body and the brain.
Even a mild incident can have long-term effects or cause symptoms to appear years later. [5] Studies show there is a correlation between brain lesion and language, speech, and category-specific disorders. Wernicke's aphasia is associated with anomia, unknowingly making up words , and problems with comprehension.
But the recovery time can vary. Up to about 1/3 of people experience persisting symptoms after concussion (PHAC) or persistent post concussion symptoms (PPAC), defined as symptoms that last more than 4 weeks. [5] [6] [7] After an injury, concussion symptoms can begin immediately or be and delayed by 1-2 days at most. [8]