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Micro ribonucleic acid (microRNA, miRNA, μRNA) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules containing 21–23 nucleotides. [1] Found in plants, animals, and even some viruses, miRNAs are involved in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression .
In DNA viruses, miRNAs were experimentally verified, miRNAs in viruses are encoded by dsDNAs, [5] examples of such viruses include herpesviruses such as Humans-Epstein-Barr Virus and adenoviruses, [4] another virus expressing miR-155-like miRNA in chickens is the oncogenic MDV-1 whose non-oncogenic relative MDV-2 does not, this suggests ...
n/a Ensembl ENSG00000284357 n/a UniProt n a n/a RefSeq (mRNA) n/a n/a RefSeq (protein) n/a n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 9.15 – 9.15 Mb n/a PubMed search n/a Wikidata View/Edit Human MicroRNA 34a (miR-34a) is a microRNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR34A gene. Function microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20–24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene ...
miR-122 is a miRNA that is conserved among vertebrate species. miR-122 is not present in invertebrates, and no close paralogs of miR-122 have been detected. [1] miR-122 is highly expressed in the liver, where it has been implicated as a regulator of fatty-acid metabolism in mouse studies.
A miRNA is expressed from a much longer RNA-coding gene as a primary transcript known as a pri-miRNA which is processed, in the cell nucleus, to a 70-nucleotide stem-loop structure called a pre-miRNA by the microprocessor complex. This complex consists of an RNase III enzyme called Drosha and a dsRNA-binding protein DGCR8.
The RNase III Dicer is a critical member of RISC that initiates the RNA interference process by producing double-stranded siRNA or single-stranded miRNA. Enzymatic cleavage of dsRNA within the cell produces the short siRNA fragments of 21-23 nucleotides in length with a two-nucleotide 3' overhang.
miR-92 is part of a large precursor sequence that forms a stem loop once transcribed into RNA. This long precursor sequence is a component of the mir-17-92 cluster which contains 5 additional mir precursor sequences: mir-17, mir-18a, mir-19a, mir-20a and mir19b-1. [4]
RNA silencing is the mechanism that our cells (and cells from all kingdoms) use to fight RNA viruses and transposons (which originate from our own cells as well as from other vehicles). [2] In the case of RNA viruses, these get destroyed immediately by the mechanism cited above. In the case of transposons, it's a little more indirect.
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