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To obtain the precise value, use the exact formulation = / / = =, which implies a USD depreciation of = % relative to the EUR. As the linear approximation to the logarithm deteriorates in the size of the change in the exchange rate or the price level, the exact formulation should be preferred for large deviations.
It is widely used in mathematics and, to a lesser extent, in business, economics, and some engineering problems. There is a close connection between linear programs, eigenequations, John von Neumann's general equilibrium model, and structural equilibrium models (see dual linear program for details).
where the economic meanings of and are the equilibrium prices of various goods and the equilibrium activity levels of various economic agents, respectively. The von Neumann's equilibrium model can be further extended to the following structural equilibrium model with A {\displaystyle \mathbf {A} } and B {\displaystyle \mathbf {B} } as matrix ...
Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...
An economic model is a theoretical construct representing economic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical and/or quantitative relationships between them. The economic model is a simplified, often mathematical, framework designed to illustrate complex processes. Frequently, economic models posit structural parameters. [1]
Some geometric optimization problems may be expressed as LP-type problems in which the number of elements in the LP-type formulation is significantly greater than the number of input data values for the optimization problem. As an example, consider a collection of n points in the plane, each moving with constant velocity.
Von Neumann's model of an expanding economy considered the matrix pencil A − λB with nonnegative matrices A and B; von Neumann sought probability vectors p and q and a positive number λ that would solve the complementarity equation () = along with two inequality systems expressing economic efficiency. In this model, the probability vector p ...
An integer programming problem is a mathematical optimization or feasibility program in which some or all of the variables are restricted to be integers.In many settings the term refers to integer linear programming (ILP), in which the objective function and the constraints (other than the integer constraints) are linear.