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Charles Theodore was born into Palatinate-Sulzbach branch of the House of Wittelsbach. [1] His father was Johann Christian, who later became Count Palatine of Sulzbach.His mother was Marie-Anne-Henriette-Leopoldine de La Tour d'Auvergne, Margravine of Bergen op Zoom, a grandniece of Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne.
Karl Theodor, Duke in Bavaria, with his sister Elisabeth at 11 years old, and their dog "Bummerl", at Possenhofen Castle. Karl Theodor was born at Possenhofen Castle, the third son of Duke Maximilian in Bavaria and Princess Ludovika of Bavaria. At the age of 14, Karl Theodor joined the Bavarian Army. In 1866, he fought in the Austro-Prussian War.
Duchess Sophie Adelheid in Bavaria with her family, 1910s. Her parents were Karl Theodor, Duke in Bavaria, head of a cadet branch of the Bavarian royal family, and an ophthalmologist of recognized reputation, and his second wife, the Infanta Maria José of Braganza, third daughter of King Miguel I, exiled monarch of Portugal. [1]
Between the French and the Austrians, Bavaria was now in a bad situation. Before the death of Charles Theodore (16 February 1799) the Austrians had again occupied the country, in preparation for renewing the war with France. Maximilian IV Joseph (of Palatine Zweibrücken), the new elector, succeeded to a difficult inheritance.
Born and raised at Possenhofen Castle, Mathilde was a younger sister of (among others) Duke Karl-Theodor in Bavaria, Elisabeth of Austria-Hungary, and Duchess Marie Sophie in Bavaria. She was an older sister of (among others) Duchess Sophie in Bavaria. Her godmother and namesake was her mother's niece Grand Duchess Mathilde of Hesse and by Rhine.
Karl Theodor, Duke in Bavaria: 9 August 1839: 30 November 1909 (aged 70) Married Sophie of Saxony on 11 February 1865. They had one daughter. Karl Theodor remarried Maria Josepha of Portugal on 29 April 1874. They had five children. Marie Sophie Amalie, Duchess in Bavaria: 4 October 1841: 19 January 1925 (aged 83)
Duke in Bavaria (German: Herzog in Bayern) was a title used among others since 1506, when primogeniture was established [citation needed], by all members of the House of Wittelsbach, with the exception of the Duke of Bavaria which began to be a unique position.
Duchess Sophie in Bavaria with her lady in waiting, 1866. Sophie married her first cousin Duke Karl-Theodor in Bavaria, fifth child and third-eldest son of Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria and his wife Princess Ludovika of Bavaria, on 11 February 1865 in Dresden.