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The same year, the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan was adopted, which required ship energy efficiency to be monitored. [ 3 ] : 17 These were included in Annex VI of MARPOL 73/78 . That the new regulations would apply equally to all countries regardless of economic development was a source of dispute relating to the principles of Common ...
Regions where oceanic or subtropical highland climates (Cfb, Cfc, Cwb, Cwc) are found. An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate or maritime climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification represented as Cfb, typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool to warm summers and cool to mild winters (for their latitude), with ...
Climate action (or climate change action) refers to a range of activities, mechanisms, policy instruments, and so forth that aim at reducing the severity of human-induced climate change and its impacts. "More climate action" is a central demand of the climate movement. [1] Climate inaction is the absence of climate action.
The centrality of maritime environment protection for the benefit of maritime security as a whole can also be discerned from further directives developed by the EU. [8] An example is the 2008 directive " on the protection of the environment through criminal law ", [ 20 ] which ordered Member States to establish legal frameworks to prosecute ...
Climate resilience is generally considered to be the ability to recover from, or to mitigate vulnerability to, climate-related shocks such as floods and droughts. [7] It is a political process that strengthens the ability of all to mitigate vulnerability to risks from, and adapt to changing patterns in, climate hazards and variability.
A National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) is a type of plan submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) [1] by least developed countries, to describe the country's perception of its most "urgent and immediate needs to adapt to climate change". [2]
In an effort to increase the production of seafood in the U.S. and address a serious imbalance of trade in fish products, the Obama administration's NOAA approved a plan for the governance of offshore aquaculture submitted by the Gulf of Mexico Regional Fishery Management Council. This action was called the Gulf Aquaculture Rule and final rules ...
Marine conservationists rely on a combination of scientific principles derived from marine biology, Ecology, oceanography, and fisheries science, as well as on human factors, such as demand for marine resources, maritime law, economics, and policy, in order to determine how to best protect and conserve marine species and ecosystems.