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  2. Blister agent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blister_agent

    All blister agents currently known are denser than air, and are readily absorbed through the eyes, lungs, and skin. Effects of the two mustard agents are typically delayed: exposure to vapors becomes evident in 4 to 6 hours, and skin exposure in 2 to 48 hours. The effects of Lewisite are immediate.

  3. Mustard gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustard_gas

    Mustard gas can have the effect of turning a patient's skin different colors, including shades of red, orange, pink, and in unusual cases, blue. The German Empire during World War I relied on the Meyer-Clarke method because 2-chloroethanol was readily available from the German dye industry of that time.

  4. Chemical burn - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_burn

    Effects depend on the substance; hydrogen peroxide removes a bleached layer of skin, while nitric acid causes a characteristic color change to yellow in the skin, and silver nitrate produces noticeable black stains. Chemical burns may occur through direct contact on body surfaces, including skin and eyes, via inhalation, and/or by ingestion.

  5. Lewisite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewisite

    Lewisite was replaced by the mustard gas variant HT (a 60:40 mixture of sulfur mustard and O-Mustard), and was declared obsolete in the 1950s. Lewisite poisoning can be treated effectively with British anti-lewisite (dimercaprol). Most stockpiles of lewisite were neutralised with bleach and dumped into the Gulf of Mexico. [25]

  6. Blood agent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_agent

    Colorless gas or liquid, almond odor, burns with a bluish flame. −13 / 26 °C 10 2 9 10 8 10 Cyanogen: Colorless gas, almond odor, burns with a pinkish flame having a blue border. −28 / −21 °C 9 2 9 8 7 9 Cyanogen chloride: Colorless gas or liquid, pungent and biting odor, soluble in water and alcohol. −6 / 14 °C 8 3 9 9 9 8 Cyanogen ...

  7. Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide

    The idealized combustion of mustard gas in oxygen produces hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, in addition to carbon dioxide and water: (ClC 2 H 4) 2 S + 7 O 2 → 4 CO 2 + 2 H 2 O + 2 HCl + H 2 SO 4. Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide reacts with sodium hydroxide, giving divinyl sulfide: (ClC 2 H 4) 2 S + 2 NaOH → (CH 2 =CH) 2 S + 2 H 2 O + 2 NaCl ...

  8. HN1 (nitrogen mustard) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HN1_(nitrogen_mustard)

    Effects of nitrogen mustard exposure can be long-term or permanent; it is also a known carcinogen, reprotoxin, and developmental toxin after chronic and acute exposure, causing skin cancer and airway cancers in particular. Blindness from an acute exposure is usually temporary, resolving in days to months depending on severity.

  9. Chlormethine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormethine

    The effect of vesicant (blister) agents in the form of mustard gas (sulfur mustard, Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide) on bone marrow and white blood cells had been known since the First World War. [16] In 1935 several lines of chemical and biological research yielded results that would be explored after the start of the Second World War.