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  2. Work-up - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work-up

    In this example the organic layer is the product, which is a liquid at room temperature. The bottom aqueous layer is removed with a pipette and discarded. The top layer is transferred to an Erlenmeyer flask where it is treated with anhydrous sodium sulfate to remove any remaining water.

  3. Acid–base extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid–base_extraction

    Acid–base extraction is a subclass of liquid–liquid extractions and involves the separation of chemical species from other acidic or basic compounds. [1] It is typically performed during the work-up step following a chemical synthesis to purify crude compounds [2] and results in the product being largely free of acidic or basic impurities.

  4. Chemical synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_synthesis

    Chemical synthesis (chemical combination) is the artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain one or several products. [1] This occurs by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions.

  5. Friedel–Crafts reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedel–Crafts_reaction

    The general mechanism for primary alkyl halides is shown below. [8] Mechanism of Friedel–Crafts alkylation. For primary (and possibly secondary) alkyl halides, a carbocation-like complex with the Lewis acid, [R (+)---(X---MX n) (–)] is more likely to be involved, rather than a free carbocation.

  6. Liquid–liquid extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid–liquid_extraction

    Some extraction systems are able to extract metals by both the solvation and ion exchange mechanisms; an example of such a system is the americium (and lanthanide) extraction from nitric acid by a combination of 6,6'-bis-(5,6-dipentyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-2,2'-bipyridine and 2-bromohexanoic acid in tert-butyl benzene. At both high- and low ...

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  8. Aqueous two-phase system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_two-phase_system

    Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) or aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are clean alternatives for traditional organic-water solvent extraction systems.. ABS are formed when either two polymers, one polymer and one kosmotropic salt, or two salts (one chaotropic salt and the other a kosmotropic salt) are mixed at appropriate concentrations or at a particular temperature.

  9. Trump Cabinet picks soften past statements under Senate ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/trump-cabinet-picks-soften-past...

    Some of President-elect Donald Trump’s most vulnerable Cabinet picks are racing to smooth out or overwrite past statements before contentious Senate confirmation fights.

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    organic and aqueous work upwork up definition chemistry