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The glycocalyx (pl.: glycocalyces or glycocalyxes), also known as the pericellular matrix and cell coat, is a layer of glycoproteins and glycolipids which surround the cell membranes of bacteria, epithelial cells, and other cells. [1] Animal epithelial cells have a fuzz-like coating on the external surface of their plasma membranes.
The chloroplasts of red algae have chlorophylls a and c (often), and phycobilins, while those of green algae have chloroplasts with chlorophyll a and b without phycobilins. Land plants are pigmented similarly to green algae and probably developed from them, thus the Chlorophyta is a sister taxon to the plants; sometimes the Chlorophyta, the ...
Phycobiliproteins are water soluble light-capturing proteins, produced by cyanobacteria, and several algae. These pigments have been explored as fluorescent tags, food coloring agents, cosmetics, and immunological diagnostic agents. Most of these pigments are synthesized and accumulated intracellularly.
A third lineage of algae, the glaucophytes (25 species), [62] contains rare and obscure species found in surfaces of freshwater and terrestrial habitats. [104] The red algae or Rhodophyta (>7,100 species) are a group of diverse morphologies, ranging from single cells to multicellular filaments to giant pseudoparenchymatous thalli, all
A number of Paleozoic fossils have been tentatively classified with the brown algae, although most have also been compared to known red algae species. Phascolophyllaphycus possesses numerous elongate, inflated blades attached to a stipe. It is the most abundant of algal fossils found in a collection made from Carboniferous strata in Illinois. [42]
[1] [2] Prochlorococcus strains, called ecotypes, have physiological differences enabling them to exploit different ecological niches. [3] Analysis of the genome sequences of Prochlorococcus strains show that 1,273 [4] genes are common to all strains, and the average genome size is about 2,000 genes. [1] In contrast, eukaryotic algae have over ...
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A sundew with a leaf bent around a fly trapped by mucilage. Mucilage is a thick gluey substance produced by nearly all plants and some microorganisms.These microorganisms include protists which use it for their locomotion, with the direction of their movement always opposite to that of the secretion of mucilage. [1]