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  2. Gravitational energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_energy

    The gravitational potential energy is the potential energy an object has because it is within a gravitational field. The magnitude of the force between a point mass, M {\displaystyle M} , and another point mass, m {\displaystyle m} , is given by Newton's law of gravitation : [ 3 ] F = G M m r 2 {\displaystyle F={\frac {GMm}{r^{2}}}}

  3. Newton's law of universal gravitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_law_of_universal...

    To make this into an equal-sided formula or equation, there needed to be a multiplying factor or constant that would give the correct force of gravity no matter the value of the masses or distance between them (the gravitational constant). Newton would need an accurate measure of this constant to prove his inverse-square law.

  4. Gravity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

    Gravitation, also known as gravitational attraction, is the mutual attraction between all masses in the universe.Gravity is the gravitational attraction at the surface of a planet or other celestial body; [6] gravity may also include, in addition to gravitation, the centrifugal force resulting from the planet's rotation (see § Earth's gravity).

  5. Gravity of Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_of_Earth

    Earth's gravity according to the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM). [13] Two models for a spherically symmetric Earth are included for comparison. The dark green straight line is for a constant density equal to the Earth's average density. The light green curved line is for a density that decreases linearly from center to surface.

  6. Mass–energy equivalence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass–energy_equivalence

    Mass–energy equivalence states that all objects having mass, or massive objects, have a corresponding intrinsic energy, even when they are stationary.In the rest frame of an object, where by definition it is motionless and so has no momentum, the mass and energy are equal or they differ only by a constant factor, the speed of light squared (c 2).

  7. Gravitational field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_field

    This includes Newton's law of universal gravitation, and the relation between gravitational potential and field acceleration. ⁠ d 2 R / dt 2 ⁠ and ⁠ F / m ⁠ are both equal to the gravitational acceleration g (equivalent to the inertial acceleration, so same mathematical form, but also defined as gravitational force per unit mass [8 ...

  8. Introduction to general relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_general...

    Einstein's master insight was that the constant, familiar pull of the Earth's gravitational field is fundamentally the same as these fictitious forces. [4] The apparent magnitude of the fictitious forces always appears to be proportional to the mass of any object on which they act – for instance, the driver's seat exerts just enough force to ...

  9. List of equations in gravitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_equations_in...

    A common misconception occurs between centre of mass and centre of gravity.They are defined in similar ways but are not exactly the same quantity. Centre of mass is the mathematical description of placing all the mass in the region considered to one position, centre of gravity is a real physical quantity, the point of a body where the gravitational force acts.