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The same title is occasionally ascribed to a Syriac version of the 6th book of Josephus' The Jewish War. [2] [3] 6 Maccabees, a Syriac poem that possibly shared a lost source with 4 Maccabees. [3] 7 Maccabees, a Syriac text which contains transcripts of speeches which were made by the Maccabean Martyrs and their mother. [3]
1 Maccabees, [note 1] also known as the First Book of Maccabees, First Maccabees, and abbreviated as 1 Macc., is a deuterocanonical book which details the history of the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire as well as the founding and earliest history of the independent Hasmonean kingdom.
2 Maccabees, [note 1] also known as the Second Book of Maccabees, Second Maccabees, and abbreviated as 2 Macc., is a deuterocanonical book which recounts the persecution of Jews under King Antiochus IV Epiphanes and the Maccabean Revolt against him.
Martin Luther (1483–1546) moved seven Old Testament books (Tobit, Judith, 1–2 Maccabees, Book of Wisdom, Sirach, and Baruch) into a section he called the "Apocrypha, that are books which are not considered equal to the Holy Scriptures, but are useful and good to read".
Memoirs of Nehemiah referenced in 2 Maccabees 2:13, [45] [39] which may be the same as the Book of Nehemiah. "letters of the kings" referenced in 2 Maccabees 2:13 [39] "five books by Jason of Cyrene" referenced in 2 Maccabees 2:23: [46] the author of 2 Maccabees here states that their work is abridged from the history by Jason.
Scholars differ on which version is the most reliable between 2 Maccabees, 1 Maccabees, and Josephus. [ 44 ] [ 45 ] [ 46 ] The detail that Antiochus personally entered the Jewish temple is corroborated in the non-Jewish history of Diodorus Siculus , suggesting that his profaning of the Temple was notable even to pagan audiences.
3 Maccabees, [a] also called the Third Book of Maccabees, is a book written in Koine Greek, likely in the 1st century BC in either the late Ptolemaic period of Egypt or in early Roman Egypt. Despite the title, the book has nothing to do with the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire described in 1 Maccabees and 2 Maccabees .
The deuterocanonical books, [a] meaning 'of, pertaining to, or constituting a second canon', [1] collectively known as the Deuterocanon (DC), [2] are certain books and passages considered to be canonical books of the Old Testament by the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Church, and the Church of the East.