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Crocus sativus, commonly known as saffron crocus or autumn crocus, [2] is a species of flowering plant in the iris family Iridaceae. A cormous autumn-flowering cultivated perennial , unknown in the wild, [ 2 ] it is best known for the culinary use of its floral stigmas as the spice saffron .
Saffron (/ ˈ s æ f r ə n,-r ɒ n /) [1] is a spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus, commonly known as the "saffron crocus". The vivid crimson stigma and styles, called threads, are collected and dried for use mainly as a seasoning and colouring agent in food. The saffron crocus was slowly propagated throughout much of Eurasia and ...
The crocus was well known to the ancients, [22] being described at least as early as Theophrastus (c. 371 – c. 287 BC), [a] [24] and was introduced into Britain by the Romans, where the saffron crocus was used as a dyestuff.
The Minoans of Crete grew and traded saffron (either the wild species Crocus cartwrightianus or the cultivated Crocus sativus). The plant is depicted in paintings from around 1550 BC. [ 22 ] Saffron consists of the dried stigmas of the flowers, and is used as a spice and also as a dye. [ 14 ]
Colchicum autumnale, commonly known as autumn crocus, meadow saffron, [3] naked boys [4] or naked ladies, [5] is a toxic autumn-blooming flowering plant that resembles the true crocuses, but is a member of the plant family Colchicaceae, unlike the true crocuses, which belong to the family Iridaceae.
C. cartwrightianus is the presumed wild progenitor of the domesticated triploid Crocus sativus – the saffron crocus [8] [9] [10] with a population in Attica, Greece suggested as the closest known modern population to the saffron ancestors. [11] It had previously been believed that saffron originated in Iran, [12] Greece [13] or Mesopotamia. [12]
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