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Rapid population growth, unregulated logging concessions especially during Ferdinand Marcos' regime, illegal logging and mining, and destructive typhoons have been cited as major reasons for deforestation in the country. Deforestation affects biodiversity in the Philippines and has long-term negative impacts on the country's food production. [3]
Illegal logging occurs in the Philippines [26] and intensifies flood damage in some areas. [27] According to scholar Jessica Mathews, short-sighted policies by the Filipino government have contributed to the high rate of deforestation: [28] The government regularly granted logging concessions of less than ten years.
Illegal logging is the harvest, transportation, purchase, or sale of timber in violation of laws.The harvesting procedure itself may be illegal, including using corrupt means to gain access to forests; extraction without permission, or from a protected area; the cutting down of protected species; or the extraction of timber in excess of agreed limits.
In addition, unemployment increased forcing many locals into illegal logging to maintain their livelihoods. [14] More seriously, however, over 1000 CBFMs were cancelled by the DENR nationwide by 2003, [14] resulting in loss of livelihood and forest destruction in former CBFM areas in the Philippines. [5]
The effects of overlogging can be mitigated by setting aside profits for forest rehabilitation, a practice which is also economically profitable. [14] Enrichment planting , or planting trees in degraded forests, is a form of artificial regeneration that has been employed in East Kalimantan and South Kalimantan , Indonesia. [ 1 ]
Illegal logging took place in 37 out of 41 national parks. Illegal logging costs up to US$4 billion a year. The lowland forests of Sumatra and Borneo were at risk of being wiped out by 2022. According to Transparency International, numerous controversial court decisions in this area have raised concerns about the integrity of the judiciary. [56]
However, there is little evidence to support such claims, [4] and most evidence supports the view that salvage logging is harmful to forest health and function. [5] As with other logging operations, the harvesting may be either by selection, thinning or clearcutting, and a regeneration plan may be put in place after the logging. Salvage logging ...
In the Philippines, there is a correlation between rainfall and civil conflict, and manifests through agricultural production. [29] The increased rainfall during the wet season in the Philippines is proven to be harmful to agriculture as it leads to flooding and water logging. [29]