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The major causes of hepatic jaundice are significant damage to hepatocytes due to infectious, drug/medication-induced, autoimmune etiology, or less commonly, due to inheritable genetic diseases. [27] The following is a partial list of hepatic causes to jaundice: [28] Acute hepatitis; Chronic hepatitis; Hepatotoxicity; Cirrhosis; Drug-induced ...
Neonatal jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the white part of the eyes and skin in a newborn baby due to high bilirubin levels. [1] Other symptoms may include excess sleepiness or poor feeding. [1] Complications may include seizures, cerebral palsy, or kernicterus. [1] In most of cases there is no specific underlying physiologic disorder. [2]
Hemolytic causes associated with bilirubin overproduction are diverse and include disorders such as sickle cell anemia, [2] hereditary spherocytosis, [3] thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, [4] autoimmune hemolytic anemia, [5] hemolysis secondary to drug toxicity, [6] thalassemia minor, [7] and congenital dyserythropoietic anemias. [8]
Generally, symptoms associated with neonatal cholestasis can vary based on the underlying cause of the disease. However, most infants affected will present with jaundice , scleral icterus , failure to thrive , acholic or pale stools, and dark urine.
Treatment of acute episodes may include medications for infection, stopping the offending medication, or blood transfusions. [3] Jaundice in newborns may be treated with bili lights. [2] It is recommended that people be tested for G6PDD before certain medications, such as primaquine, are taken. [2] About 400 million people have the condition ...
The causes of neonatal hepatitis are many. Viruses that have been identified include cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, hepatitis A and B viruses, herpes simplex viruses, coxsackievirus, echovirus, and paramyxovirus. [2] Metabolic and immune disorders can also cause neonatal hepatitis. [2] Giant cell transformation throughout the parenchyma is ...
Since the syndrome is due to the accumulation of chloramphenicol, the signs and symptoms are dose related. [10] According to Kasten's review published in the Mayo Clinic Proceedings, a serum concentration of more than 50 μg/mL is a warning sign, [10] while Hammett-Stabler and John states that the common therapeutics peak level is 10-20 μg/mL and is expected to achieve after 0.5-1.5 hours of ...
The serious symptoms of Reye syndrome appear to result from damage to cellular mitochondria, [14] at least in the liver, and there are a number of ways that aspirin could cause or exacerbate mitochondrial damage. A potential increased risk of developing Reye syndrome is one of the main reasons that aspirin has not been recommended for use in ...